Thursday, June 24, 2010

Accumulation of L-type Bovine Prions in Peripheral Nerve Tissues

Volume 16, Number 7–July 2010

Dispatch

Accumulation of L-type Bovine Prions in Peripheral Nerve Tissues

Yoshifumi Iwamaru, Morikazu Imamura, Yuichi Matsuura, Kentaro Masujin, Yoshihisa Shimizu, Yujing Shu, Megumi Kurachi, Kazuo Kasai, Yuichi Murayama, Shigeo Fukuda, Sadao Onoe, Ken'ichi Hagiwara, Yoshio Yamakawa, Tetsutaro Sata, Shirou Mohri, Hiroyuki Okada, and Takashi Yokoyama Author affiliations: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Y. Iwamaru, M. Imamura, Y. Matsuura, K. Masujin, Y. Shimizu, Y. Shu, M. Kurachi, K. Kasai, Y. Murayama, S. Mohri, H. Okada, T. Yokoyama); Hokkaido Animal Research Center, Hokkaido, Japan (S. Fukuda, S. Onoe); and National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (K. Hagiwara, Y. Yamakawa, T. Sata)

Suggested citation for this article

Abstract We recently reported the intraspecies transmission of L-type atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). To clarify the peripheral pathogenesis of L-type BSE, we studied prion distribution in nerve and lymphoid tissues obtained from experimentally challenged cattle. As with classical BSE prions, L-type BSE prions accumulated in central and peripheral nerve tissues.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of cattle characterized by accumulation of a protease-resistant form of a normal cellular prion protein (PrPres) in the central nervous system. The scientific literature in general has assumed that BSE in cattle is caused by a uniform strain (classical BSE). However, different neuropathologic and molecular phenotypes of BSE (atypical BSEs) have recently been reported from various countries (1). Recent data from Western blot analyses of field cases of atypical BSEs are characterized by a higher (H-type BSE) or lower (L-type BSE) molecular mass of the unglycosylated form of PrPres than is classical BSE (2). The origins of atypical BSEs remain obscure; unlike classical BSE, atypical BSE has been detected mainly in aged cattle and suggested a as possible sporadic form of BSE (3).

Several lines of evidence demonstrate that classical BSE and a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease are most likely caused by the same agent (4,5). Transmission of classical BSE to humans has been proposed to result from ingestion of contaminated food. Whether atypical BSEs are transmissible to humans remains uncertain; however, human susceptibility to L-type BSEs is suggested by recent experimental transmission in primates (6) and mice transgenic for human prion protein (PrP) (7) by using the most effective route of intracerebral inoculations of prions. The L-type BSE prion is much more virulent in primates and in humanized mice than is the classical BSE prion, which suggests the possibility of zoonotic risk associated with the L-type BSE prion. These findings emphasize the critical importance of understanding tissue distribution of L-type BSE prions in cattle because, among the current administrative measures for BSE controls, the specified risk materials removal policy plays a crucial role in consumer protection.

In Japan, atypical BSE was detected in an aged Japanese Black cow (BSE/JP24) (8). We recently reported the successful transmission of BSE/JP24 prions to cattle and showed that the characteristics of these prions closely resemble those of L-type BSE prions found in Italy (9). In this study, we report the peripheral distribution of L-type BSE prions in experimentally challenged cattle.

The Study

snip...

Conclusions We report accumulation of L-type atypical BSE prions in peripheral nerve tissues sampled from intracerebrally challenged cattle. Our study demonstrated that almost all of the peripheral nerve tissues tested became PrPres positive in a time-dependent manner, whereas no PrPres was detectable in lymphoid tissues, even in cattle with fatal atypical BSE. Our results suggest the possibility that, like classical BSE prions, L-type BSE prions propagated in the central nervous system and were spread centrifugally by nerve pathways (11,12). In Italy, L-type BSE prions have been characterized in detail by using cattle challenged intracerebrally. However, PrPres was not detected in their peripheral tissues, including the peripheral nerves (13). The reason for the discrepancy in PrPres detection is unclear. In view of the similarities between the L-type and BSE/JP24 prion characteristics (9), this discrepancy may result from differences in the methods used for PrPres detection.

We detected infectivity in the nerve tissue samples (including samples from the obex, sciatic nerve, adrenal gland, brachial nerve plexus, and vagus nerve) obtained 10, 12, and 16 mpi. On the basis of the incubation time of 223 ± 25 (mean ± SD) days in mice injected with a 1,000-fold dilution of the obex homogenate, infectious titers in peripheral nerve tissues appeared to be 1,000 × lower than those estimated in the obex during endpoint titration of infectivity.

Our results demonstrate that L-type atypical BSE prions can be distributed in the peripheral nerve tissues of intracerebrally challenged cattle. These findings are useful for understanding L-type BSE pathogenesis and accurately assessing the risks associated with this disease. Investigations of prion distribution in cattle that have been orally challenged with L-type BSE prions are critical.

full text ;


http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/pdfs/1151.pdf



http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/1151.htm





Importation of Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef from Japan [Docket No. 05-004-1] RIN 0579-AB93 TSS SUBMISSION

Subject: Importation of Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef from Japan [Docket No. 05-004-1] RIN 0579-AB93 TSS SUBMISSION

Date: August 24, 2005 at 2:47 pm PST

August 24, 2005

Importation of Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef from Japan [Docket No. 05-004-1] RIN 0579-AB93 TSS SUBMISSION

Greetings APHIS ET AL,

My name is Terry S. Singeltary Sr.

I would kindly like to comment on [Docket No. 05-004-1] RIN 0579-AB93 ;

PROPOSED RULES Exportation and importation of animals and animal products: Whole cuts of boneless beef from- Japan, 48494-48500 [05-16422]

[Federal Register: August 18, 2005 (Volume 70, Number 159)] [Proposed Rules] [Page 48494-48500] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr18au05-7]

======================================================================== Proposed Rules Federal Register ________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

========================================================================

[[Page 48494]]

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

9 CFR Part 94

[Docket No. 05-004-1] RIN 0579-AB93

Importation of Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef from Japan

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We are proposing to amend the regulations governing the importation of meat and other edible animal products by allowing, under certain conditions, the importation of whole cuts of boneless beef from Japan. We are proposing this action in response to a request from the Government of Japan and after conducting an analysis of the risk that indicates that such beef can be safely imported from Japan under the conditions described in this proposal.

DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before September 19, 2005.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by any of the following methods: EDOCKET: Go to http://www.epa.gov/feddocket to submit or

snip...

BSE infectivity has never been demonstrated in the muscle tissue of cattle experimentally or naturally infected with BSE at any stage of the disease. Studies performed using TSEs other than BSE in non-bovine animals have detected prions in muscle tissue. However, the international scientific community largely considers that these studies cannot be directly extrapolated to BSE in cattle because of the significant interactions between the host species and the prion strain involved. Pathogenesis studies of naturally and experimentally infected cattle have not detected BSE infectivity in blood. However, transmission of BSE was demonstrated in sheep that received a transfusion of a large volume of blood drawn from other sheep that were experimentally infected with the BSE agent. The United Kingdom's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs' Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) and the European Commission's Scientific Steering Committee (SSC), which are scientific advisory committees, evaluated the implication of this finding in relation to food safety.\5\ The SEAC concluded that the finding did not represent grounds for recommending any changes to the current control measures for BSE. The SSC determined that the research results do not support the hypothesis that bovine blood or muscle meat constitute a risk to human health.\6\

snip...

BSE Risk Factors for Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef

The most significant risk management strategy for ensuring the safety of whole cuts of boneless beef is the prevention of cross- contamination of the beef with SRMs during stunning and slaughter of the animal. Control measures that prevent contamination of such beef involve the establishment of procedures for the removal of SRMs, prohibitions on air-injection stunning and pithing, and splitting of carcasses. These potential pathways for contamination and the control measures that prevent contamination are described in detail in the risk analysis for this rulemaking. SRM Removal. Research has demonstrated that SRMs from infected cattle may contain BSE infectivity. Because infectivity has not been demonstrated in muscle tissue, the most important mitigation measure for whole cuts of boneless beef is the careful removal and segregation of SRMs. Removal of SRMs in a manner that avoids contamination of the beef with SRMs minimizes the risk of exposure to materials that have been demonstrated to contain the BSE agent in cattle.

snip...

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a chronic and fatal neurodegenerative disease of humans, has been linked since 1996 through epidemiological, neuropathological, and experimental data to exposure to the BSE agent, most likely through consumption of cattle products contaminated with the agent before BSE control measures were in place. To date, approximately 170 probable and confirmed cases of vCJD have been identified worldwide. The majority of these cases have either been identified in the United Kingdom or were linked to exposure that occurred in the United Kingdom, and all cases have been linked to exposure in countries with native cases of BSE. Some studies estimate that more than 1 million cattle may have been infected with BSE throughout the epidemic in the United Kingdom. This number of infected cattle could have introduced a significant amount of infectivity into the human food supply. Yet, the low number of cases of vCJD identified to date indicates that there is a substantial species barrier that protects humans from widespread illness due to exposure to the BSE agent.

snip...

International Guidelines on BSE

International guidelines for trade in animal and animal products are developed by the World Organization for Animal Health (formerly known as the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)), which is recognized by the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the international organization responsible for the development of standards, guidelines, and recommendations with respect to animal health and zoonoses (diseases that are transmissible from animals to humans). The OIE guidelines for trade in terrestrial animals (mammals, birds, and bees) are detailed in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (available on the internet at http://www.oie.int). The guidelines on BSE are contained in

Chapter 2.3.13 of the Code and supplemented by Appendix 3.8.4 of the Code.

snip...end

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/05-16422.htm

http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/pdf/05-16422.pdf



Greetings again APHIS ET AL,

THIS is not correct. IN fact, there are several factors i would like to kindly address.

Muscle tissue has recently been detected with PrPSc in the peripheral nerves (sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, vagus nerve) of the 11th BSE cow in Japan (Yoshifumi Iwamaru et al). also recently, Aguzzi et al Letter to the Editor Vet Pathol 42:107-108 (2005), Prusiner et al CDI test is another example of detection of the TSE agent in muscle in sCJD, Herbert Budka et al CJD and inclusion body myositis: Abundant Disease-Associated Prion Protein in Muscle, and older studies from Watson Meldrum et al Scrapie agent in muscle - Pattison I A (1990), references as follow ;

PrPSc distribution of a natural case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Yoshifumi Iwamaru, Yuka Okubo, Tamako Ikeda, Hiroko Hayashi, Mori- kazu Imamura, Takashi Yokoyama and Morikazu Shinagawa

Priori Disease Research Center, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856 Japan gan@affrc.go.jp

Abstract

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease of cattle that causes progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. Infectivity of BSE agent is accompanied with an abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrPSc).

The specified risk materials (SRM) are tissues potentially carrying BSE infectivity. The following tissues are designated as SRM in Japan: the skull including the brain and eyes but excluding the glossa and the masse- ter muscle, the vertebral column excluding the vertebrae of the tail, spinal cord, distal illeum. For a risk management step, the use of SRM in both animal feed or human food has been prohibited. However, detailed PrPSc distribution remains obscure in BSE cattle and it has caused con- troversies about definitions of SRM. Therefore we have examined PrPSc distribution in a BSE cattle by Western blotting to reassess definitions of SRM.

The 11th BSE case in Japan was detected in fallen stock surveillance. The carcass was stocked in the refrigerator. For the detection of PrPSc, 200 mg of tissue samples were homogenized. Following collagenase treatment, samples were digested with proteinase K. After digestion, PrPSc was precipitated by sodium phosphotungstate (PTA). The pellets were subjected to Western blotting using the standard procedure. Anti-prion protein monoclonal antibody (mAb) T2 conjugated horseradish peroxidase was used for the detection of PrPSc.

PrPSc was detected in brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, sublingual ganglion, retina. In addition, PrPSc was also detected in the peripheral nerves (sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, vagus nerve).

Our results suggest that the currently accepted definitions of SRM in BSE cattle may need to be reexamined. ...

179

T. Kitamoto (Ed.) PRIONS Food and Drug Safety ================

ALSO from the International Symposium of Prion Diseases held in Sendai, October 31, to November 2, 2004;

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Japan

snip...

"Furthermore, current studies into transmission of cases of BSE that are atypical or that develop in young cattle are expected to amplify the BSE prion"

NO. Date conf. Farm Birth place and Date Age at diagnosis

8. 2003.10.6. Fukushima Tochigi 2001.10.13. 23

9. 2003.11.4. Hiroshima Hyogo 2002.1.13. 21

Test results

# 8b, 9c cows Elisa Positive, WB Positive, IHC negative, histopathology negative

b = atypical BSE case

c = case of BSE in a young animal

b,c, No PrPSc on IHC, and no spongiform change on histology

International Symposium of Prion Diseases held in Sendai, October 31, to November 2, 2004.

The hardback book title is 'PRIONS' Food and Drug Safety T. Kitamoto (Ed.)

Tetsuyuki Kitamoto Professor and Chairman Department of Prion Research Tohoku University School of Medicine 2-1 SeiryoAoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, JAPAN TEL +81-22-717-8147 FAX +81-22-717-8148 e-mail; kitamoto@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp Symposium Secretariat Kyomi Sasaki TEL +81-22-717-8233 FAX +81-22-717-7656 e-mail: kvomi-sasaki@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.ip


================================


snip...please see full text and other transmission studies here ;


http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/07/importation-of-whole-cuts-of-boneless.html




*****URGENT NOTE HERE ABOUT OIE AND THEIR JUNK SCIENCE ABOUT ATYPICAL BSE*****


To date the OIE/WAHO assumes that the human and animal health standards set out in the BSE chapter for classical BSE (C-Type) applies to all forms of BSE which include the H-type and L-type atypical forms. This assumption is scientifically not completely justified and accumulating evidence suggests that this may in fact not be the case. Molecular characterization and the spatial distribution pattern of histopathologic lesions and immunohistochemistry (IHC) signals are used to identify and characterize atypical BSE. Both the L-type and H-type atypical cases display significant differences in the conformation and spatial accumulation of the disease associated prion protein (PrPSc) in brains of afflicted cattle. Transmission studies in bovine transgenic and wild type mouse models support that the atypical BSE types might be unique strains because they have different incubation times and lesion profiles when compared to C-type BSE. When L-type BSE was inoculated into ovine transgenic mice and Syrian hamster the resulting molecular fingerprint had changed, either in the first or a subsequent passage, from L-type into C-type BSE. In addition, non-human primates are specifically susceptible for atypical BSE as demonstrated by an approximately 50% shortened incubation time for L-type BSE as compared to C-type. Considering the current scientific information available, it cannot be assumed that these different BSE types pose the same human health risks as C-type BSE or that these risks are mitigated by the same protective measures.


http://www.prionetcanada.ca/detail.aspx?menu=5&dt=293380&app=93&cat1=387&tp=20&lk=no&cat2



14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases H-type and L-type Atypical BSE January 2010 (special pre-congress edition)

18.173 page 189

Experimental Challenge of Cattle with H-type and L-type Atypical BSE

A. Buschmann1, U. Ziegler1, M. Keller1, R. Rogers2, B. Hills3, M.H. Groschup1. 1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, 2Health Canada, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products & Food Branch, Ottawa, Canada, 3Health Canada, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada

Background: After the detection of two novel BSE forms designated H-type and L-type atypical BSE the question of the pathogenesis and the agent distribution of these two types in cattle was fully open. From initial studies of the brain pathology, it was already known that the anatomical distribution of L-type BSE differs from that of the classical type where the obex region in the brainstem always displays the highest PrPSc concentrations. In contrast in L-type BSE cases, the thalamus and frontal cortex regions showed the highest levels of the pathological prion protein, while the obex region was only weakly involved.

Methods:We performed intracranial inoculations of cattle (five and six per group) using 10%brainstemhomogenates of the two German H- and L-type atypical BSE isolates. The animals were inoculated under narcosis and then kept in a free-ranging stable under appropriate biosafety conditions.At least one animal per group was killed and sectioned in the preclinical stage and the remaining animals were kept until they developed clinical symptoms. The animals were examined for behavioural changes every four weeks throughout the experiment following a protocol that had been established during earlier BSE pathogenesis studies with classical BSE.

Results and Discussion: All animals of both groups developed clinical symptoms and had to be euthanized within 16 months. The clinical picture differed from that of classical BSE, as the earliest signs of illness were loss of body weight and depression. However, the animals later developed hind limb ataxia and hyperesthesia predominantly and the head. Analysis of brain samples from these animals confirmed the BSE infection and the atypical Western blot profile was maintained in all animals. Samples from these animals are now being examined in order to be able to describe the pathogenesis and agent distribution for these novel BSE types. Conclusions: A pilot study using a commercially avaialble BSE rapid test ELISA revealed an essential restriction of PrPSc to the central nervous system for both atypical BSE forms. A much more detailed analysis for PrPSc and infectivity is still ongoing.


http://www.isid.org/14th_icid/


http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/IMED2009_AbstrAuth.pdf


http://www.isid.org/publications/ICID_Archive.shtml



14th ICID International Scientific Exchange Brochure -

Final Abstract Number: ISE.114

Session: International Scientific Exchange

Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America

update October 2009

T. Singeltary

Bacliff, TX, USA

Background:

An update on atypical BSE and other TSE in North America. Please remember, the typical U.K. c-BSE, the atypical l-BSE (BASE), and h-BSE have all been documented in North America, along with the typical scrapie's, and atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, and to date, 2 different strains of CWD, and also TME. All these TSE in different species have been rendered and fed to food producing animals for humans and animals in North America (TSE in cats and dogs ?), and that the trading of these TSEs via animals and products via the USA and Canada has been immense over the years, decades.

Methods:

12 years independent research of available data

Results:

I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc.

Conclusion:

I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. Restricting the reporting of CJD and or any human TSE is NOT scientific. Iatrogenic CJD knows NO age group, TSE knows no boundaries. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route.

see page 114 ;


http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/14th_ICID_ISE_Abstracts.pdf




International Society for Infectious Diseases Web: http://www.isid.org/


I ask Professor Kong ;

Thursday, December 04, 2008 3:37 PM Subject: RE: re--Chronic Wating Disease (CWD) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies (BSE): Public Health Risk Assessment

''IS the h-BSE more virulent than typical BSE as well, or the same as cBSE, or less virulent than cBSE? just curious.....''

Professor Kong reply ;

.....snip

''As to the H-BSE, we do not have sufficient data to say one way or another, but we have found that H-BSE can infect humans. I hope we could publish these data once the study is complete.

Thanks for your interest.''

Best regards,

Qingzhong Kong, PhD Associate Professor Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106 USA

END...TSS

P02.35

Molecular Features of the Protease-resistant Prion Protein (PrPres) in H-type BSE

Biacabe, A-G1; Jacobs, JG2; Gavier-Widén, D3; Vulin, J1; Langeveld, JPM2; Baron, TGM1 1AFSSA, France; 2CIDC-Lelystad, Netherlands; 3SVA, Sweden

Western blot analyses of PrPres accumulating in the brain of BSE-infected cattle have demonstrated 3 different molecular phenotypes regarding to the apparent molecular masses and glycoform ratios of PrPres bands. We initially described isolates (H-type BSE) essentially characterized by higher PrPres molecular mass and decreased levels of the diglycosylated PrPres band, in contrast to the classical type of BSE. This type is also distinct from another BSE phenotype named L-type BSE, or also BASE (for Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy), mainly characterized by a low representation of the diglycosylated PrPres band as well as a lower PrPres molecular mass. Retrospective molecular studies in France of all available BSE cases older than 8 years old and of part of the other cases identified since the beginning of the exhaustive surveillance of the disease in 20001 allowed to identify 7 H-type BSE cases, among 594 BSE cases that could be classified as classical, L- or H-type BSE. By Western blot analysis of H-type PrPres, we described a remarkable specific feature with antibodies raised against the C-terminal region of PrP that demonstrated the existence of a more C-terminal cleaved form of PrPres (named PrPres#2 ), in addition to the usual PrPres form (PrPres #1). In the unglycosylated form, PrPres #2 migrates at about 14 kDa, compared to 20 kDa for PrPres #1. The proportion of the PrPres#2 in cattle seems to by higher compared to the PrPres#1. Furthermore another PK–resistant fragment at about 7 kDa was detected by some more N-terminal antibodies and presumed to be the result of cleavages of both N- and C-terminal parts of PrP. These singular features were maintained after transmission of the disease to C57Bl/6 mice. The identification of these two additional PrPres fragments (PrPres #2 and 7kDa band) reminds features reported respectively in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome in humans.


http://www.neuroprion.com/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2007/abstract_book.pdf




Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Atypical BSE in Cattle


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html




Sunday, February 14, 2010

[Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)


http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2010/02/docket-no-fsis-2006-0011-fsis-harvard.html



http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2010/02/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathy.html




2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html




WILL WE EVER KNOW WHAT STRAIN OF BSE THIS OTHER TEXAS MAD COW ?



FDA STATEMENT FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

May 4, 2004 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA

Statement on Texas Cow With Central Nervous System Symptoms

On Friday, April 30th, the Food and Drug Administration learned that a cow with central nervous system symptoms had been killed and shipped to a processor for rendering into animal protein for use in animal feed.

FDA, which is responsible for the safety of animal feed, immediately began an investigation. On Friday and throughout the weekend, FDA investigators inspected the slaughterhouse, the rendering facility, the farm where the animal came from, and the processor that initially received the cow from the slaughterhouse.

FDA's investigation showed that the animal in question had already been rendered into "meat and bone meal" (a type of protein animal feed). Over the weekend FDA was able to track down all the implicated material. That material is being held by the firm, which is cooperating fully with FDA.

Cattle with central nervous system symptoms are of particular interest because cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, also known as "mad cow disease," can exhibit such symptoms. In this case, there is no way now to test for BSE. But even if the cow had BSE, FDA's animal feed rule would prohibit the feeding of its rendered protein to other ruminant animals (e.g., cows, goats, sheep, bison). ...


http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108292.htm



OR, what about this ;



Owner and Corporation Plead Guilty to Defrauding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Surveillance Program

An Arizona meat processing company and its owner pled guilty in February 2007 to charges of theft of Government funds, mail fraud, and wire fraud. The owner and his company defrauded the BSE Surveillance Program when they falsified BSE Surveillance Data Collection Forms and then submitted payment requests to USDA for the services. In addition to the targeted sample population (those cattle that were more than 30 months old or had other risk factors for BSE), the owner submitted to USDA, or caused to be submitted, BSE obex (brain stem) samples from healthy USDA-inspected cattle. As a result, the owner fraudulently received approximately $390,000. Sentencing is scheduled for May 2007.

snip...

Topics that will be covered in ongoing or planned reviews under Goal 1 include:

soundness of BSE maintenance sampling (APHIS),

implementation of Performance-Based Inspection System enhancements for specified risk material (SRM) violations and improved inspection controls over SRMs (FSIS and APHIS),

snip...

The findings and recommendations from these efforts will be covered in future semiannual reports as the relevant audits and investigations are completed.

4 USDA OIG SEMIANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS FY 2007 1st Half


http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/sarc070619.pdf



snip... please see full text ;


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/mad-cows-and-computer-models-us.html




THEY KNEW 2 DECADES AGO the damn BSE mad cow testing were not finding cases ;


BSE-NON-CONFIRMATION OF DISEASE

3. A question posed by Mr Whaley (para 2) is that classical lesions of BSE may not occur in all cases. Supposing we had a strain variant that produced it's lesions in the cerebrum these would not be detected by our current method. I think this would be unlikely but not impossible - another reason why at least a proportion of complete brains (or blocks) should be retained during the epidemic so if the problem Mr Whaley indicates escalates, it can be investigated.

snip...

5. IF you had the information what benefit would there be ? what would you do with it ?

CONCLUSION

I do not recommend any action. The situation should be accepted. I do not think the VIS can do more at present. The situation should be kept under review particularly if there is an escalation in numbers in this category.

R BRADLEY

15 MAY 1990

90/5.15/3.2


http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/05/15003001.pdf



http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/05/15003001.pdf




Tuesday, November 17, 2009

SEAC NEW RESULTS ON IDIOPATHIC BRAINSTEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS (IBNC) FROM THE VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY (VLA) SEAC 103/1

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/11/seac-new-results-on-idiopathic.html




NEW RESULTS ON IDIOPATHIC BRAINSTEM NEURONAL CHROMATOLYSIS "All of the 15 cattle tested showed that the brains had abnormally accumulated PrP" 2009

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/02/new-results-on-idiopathic-brainstem.html



AND THE USDA ET AL KNEW IT TOO ;


""These 9,200 cases were different because brain tissue samples were preserved with formalin, which makes them suitable for only one type of test--immunohistochemistry, or IHC."


THIS WAS DONE FOR A REASON!


THE IHC test has been proven to be the LEAST LIKELY to detect BSE/TSE in the bovine, and these were probably from the most high risk cattle pool, the ones the USDA et al, SHOULD have been testing. ...TSS


USDA 2003

We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back. Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS.

Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.

snip.............

Dr. Detwiler: It seems a good idea, but I'm not aware of it. Another important thing to get across to the public is that the negatives do not guarantee absence of infectivity. The animal could be early in the disease and the incubation period. Even sample collection is so important. If you're not collecting the right area of the brain in sheep, or if collecting lymphoreticular tissue, and you don't get a good biopsy, you could miss the area with the PRP in it and come up with a negative test. There's a new, unusual form of Scrapie that's been detected in Norway. We have to be careful that we don't get so set in the way we do things that we forget to look for different emerging variations of disease. We've gotten away from collecting the whole brain in our systems. We're using the brain stem and we're looking in only one area. In Norway, they were doing a project and looking at cases of Scrapie, and they found this where they did not find lesions or PRP in the area of the obex. They found it in the cerebellum and the cerebrum. It's a good lesson for us. Ames had to go back and change the procedure for looking at Scrapie samples. In the USDA, we had routinely looked at all the sections of the brain, and then we got away from it. They've recently gone back.

Dr. Keller: Tissues are routinely tested, based on which tissue provides an 'official' test result as recognized by APHIS .

Dr. Detwiler: That's on the slaughter. But on the clinical cases, aren't they still asking for the brain? But even on the slaughter, they're looking only at the brainstem. We may be missing certain things if we confine ourselves to one area.

snip...


Completely Edited Version PRION ROUNDTABLE

Accomplished this day, Wednesday, December 11, 2003, Denver, Colorado




Saturday, June 19, 2010

U.S. DENIED UPGRADED BSE STATUS FROM OIE

Greetings,

IF the truth were known (and it's not like I have not been trying), the USA, Canada, and Mexico (there are other Countries too), should all be listed in this new TSE prion trader friendly atmosphere as ''undetermined risk''. Because USDA et al have absolutely no idea. The ideology of only the UK BSE theory and there from only imported MBM and feed, to ignore the fact that the continuous rendering technology was developed and the USDA got the UK to use it first, some five years before the USA started using the same technology, and then the fact of all the different TSE in different species here in North America, and different strains there from, to continue to believe in only the imported factor of feed and animals, and not take seriously the _home grown_ factor, from tainted _home grown TSE tainted feed_, from the same type rendering technology, is like sticking your head in a hole in the ground and hoping for the best. kind of like what BP did in the Gulf of Mexico. But for the OIE to continue to go by this decades old science on BSE, and continue to ignore the risk factors from other strains of BSE, and other TSE in other species, when scientist from around the globe continue to wave flags of concern, to continue this ignorance is dangerous for human and animal health. But typical for the OIE and the USDA in reference to the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy disease. Both the USDA and the OIE have ignored these documented risk factors for years, even decades, simply for trading purposes. The USDA et al until 2003 when the first documented case of c-BSE was documented in Washington State, the USDA had nothing to do with countries that had BSE. Until that cow old Luther capped in Washington, then the shoe was on the other foot. The USDA and the OIE after that literally changed the rules and regulations on BSE that had been in place for almost a decade trying to eradicate it all around the globe before it mutated, by doing away with the BSE GBR risk assessments and ignoring them, and implementing the infamous force fed USDA BSE MRR policy (all this is explained below in the source reference). But two mad cows sat on ice while all this political science was taking place for 7 months. One finally confirmed thanks to the OIG and the Honorable Phyllis Fong, and the other could not be confirmed due to the fact in had been improperly stored for 4 MONTHS, before testing. Kind of like the other stumbling and staggering mad cow in Texas that got away, went straight to be rendered for pet food, without NO TSE prion test at all. I could go on, about the healthy brains, from healthy cows, cows they knew did not have BSE, submitted for the infamous 2004 Enhanced BSE surveillance and testing program, or the other 9,200 brains they only used IHC testing, the least likely to find BSE. Sadly, once they did start documenting BSE back to back, they shut it down, said that was enough, let's cancel this right here in it's tracks, and we have heard nothing since, like the USA has now become immune to any TSE in any bovine. ;

When the OIE and the USDA et al collaborated to make legal the trading of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy, when they did away with the BSE GBR risk assessments, where the USA, Canada, and Mexico were categorized as BSE GBR III. please see ;

EFSA concludes that the current GBR level of USA is III, i.e. it is likely but not confirmed that domestic cattle are (clinically or pre-clinically) infected with the BSE-agent. As long as there are no significant changes in rendering or feeding, the stability remains extremely/very unstable. Thus, the probability of cattle to be (pre-clinically or clinically) infected with the BSE-agent persistently increases.


http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211902594180.htm



Annex to the EFSA Scientific Report (2004) 3, 1-17 on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE Risk of USA

please see full text ;


http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/doc/3rax1.pdf



YET, in 2010, tons and tons of banned mad cow protein are still in commerce here in the USA, scientific studies are being misconstrued and manipulated by ARS USDA, which are still going by TSE science that is decades old, while refusing to acknowledge new scientific studies, and FOIA requests are still being held up by the USDA et al on these urgent matters (see source related materials below). CJD of unknown phenotype, in victims that are getting younger, with longer clinical course from first onset of symptoms to death are occurring, in fact, sporadic CJD is still rising, where the TSEs in the different species are mutating here in the USA, and we still have this same dog and pony show by the OIE and USDA et al. IF you go back and look at the Countries that went by these OIE BSE guidelines, most all came down with BSE. I have said it before, I was say it again now, OIE should hang up there jock strap now, since it appears they will buckle every time a country makes some political hay about trade protocol, commodities and futures. IF they are not going to be science based, they should do everyone a favor and dissolve there organization. ...TSS

see full text and reasons why here ;


http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2010/06/us-denied-upgraded-bse-status-from-oie.html




Saturday, June 12, 2010

PUBLICATION REQUEST AND FOIA REQUEST Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


Sent: Friday, June 18, 2010 11:48 AM Subject: Re: [BSE-L] Freedom of Information Act Project Number 3625-32000-086-05, Study of Atypical BSE

Greetings Ms Williams, ARS, USDA, ET AL,

Thank you for your kind reply and correction of the information in your data base on the Project Number 3625-32000-086-05, Study of Atypical BSE, and whether it is necessary to change SRM removal due to any different tissue infectivity distribution. Your request was logged in and assigned FOIA No. 10-93.

Ms Williams ARS USDA et al stated ;



>>> In searching for records responsive to your request, we discovered that our Agricultural Research Information System (ARIS) database contained incorrect information. The ARIS database incorrectly linked the same progress report to Project Numbers 3625-32000-086-05S and 3625-32000-086-04S, which resulted in inaccurate information being reported for the Study of Atypical BSE. This discrepancy was reported to the managing office and has been resolved. To view the progress report, click or copy and paste the URL into your browser window:


http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=408490&showpars=true&fy=2009 <<<


>>> 3. Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species. http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490 my FOIA, two questions still have not been answered. There have been 5 years gone by now Start Date: Sep 15, 2004 End Date: Sep 14, 2009 <<<



>>> 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of this cooperative research project with Dr. Maria Caramelli from the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory in Turin, Italy, is to conduct comparative studies with the U.S. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolate and the atypical BSE isolates identified in Italy. The studies will cover the following areas: 1. Evaluation of present diagnostics tools used in the U.S. for the detection of atypical BSE cases. 2. Molecular comparison of the U.S. BSE isolate and other typical BSE isolates with atypical BSE cases. 3. Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species. <<<




http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490




Ms Williams et al at ARS USDA,


please tell me via FOIA or not, what the results of the tissue distribution and transmissibility of atypical BSE isolates and comparisons were as stated ; 3. Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species. The study plainly stated that during the 5 years study in question, that Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species would be done ;



>>>Transmission studies are already underway using brain homogenates from atypical BSE cases into mice, cattle and sheep. It will be critical to see whether the atypical BSE isolates behave similarly to typical BSE isolates in terms of transmissibility and disease pathogenesis. If transmission occurs, tissue distribution comparisons will be made between cattle infected with the atypical BSE isolate and the U.S. BSE isolate. Differences in tissue distribution could require new regulations regarding specific risk material (SRM) removal. <<<




http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/2010/02/final-report-of-testing-of-belgian.html



http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/



Thank You,


Kindly still waiting FOIA request answers Project Number 3625-32000-086-05, Study of Atypical BSE,

Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net


snip...


see full text ;


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/06/publication-request-and-foia-request.html



Archive Number 20100405.1091 Published Date 05-APR-2010 Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Prion disease update 1010 (04)

snip...

[Terry S. Singeltary Sr. has added the following comment:

"According to the World Health Organisation, the future public health threat of vCJD in the UK and Europe and potentially the rest of the world is of concern and currently unquantifiable. However, the possibility of a significant and geographically diverse vCJD epidemic occurring over the next few decades cannot be dismissed

.

The key word here is diverse. What does diverse mean? If USA scrapie transmitted to USA bovine does not produce pathology as the UK c-BSE, then why would CJD from there look like UK vCJD?"

http://www.promedmail.org/pls/apex/f?p=2400:1001:568933508083034::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,82101




> Up until about 6 years ago, the pt worked at Tyson foods where she

> worked on the assembly line, slaughtering cattle and preparing them for

> packaging. She was exposed to brain and spinal cord matter when she

> would euthanize the cattle.


http://www.recordandoalinda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=19:cjd-english-info&catid=9:cjd-ingles&Itemid=8




CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER


http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/03/cjd-texas-38-year-old-female-worked.html




Monday, April 5, 2010

UPDATE - CJD TEXAS 38 YEAR OLD FEMALE WORKED SLAUGHTERING CATTLE EXPOSED TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD MATTER


http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-cjd-texas-38-year-old-female.html




Tuesday, June 1, 2010

USA cases of dpCJD rising with 24 cases so far in 2010


http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2010/06/usa-cases-of-dpcjd-rising-with-24-cases.html



Wednesday, June 16, 2010

Defining sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strains and their transmission properties


http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/06/defining-sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob.html




TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY UPDATE June 16, 2010


J Clin Invest. doi:10.1172/JCI42051. Copyright © 2010, The American Society for Clinical Investigation.

Research Article

A molecular switch controls interspecies prion disease transmission in mice

Christina J. Sigurdson1,2,3, K. Peter R. Nilsson3, Simone Hornemann4, Giuseppe Manco3, Natalia Fernández-Borges5, Petra Schwarz3, Joaquín Castilla5,6, Kurt Wüthrich4,7 and Adriano Aguzzi3

snip...

These observations suggest striking differences in the ß-sheet alignment of PrPSc aggregates between prion-infected 170S and 170N animals and may provide a plausible starting point for clarifying the structural basis of prion species barriers that are highly relevant to public health, including the potential transmissibility of bovine and cervid prions to humans.

snip...

As a possible exception to these observations, cattle may be susceptible to CWD from white-tailed deer (86). The latter finding suggests that specific prion strains can overrule the codon 170 homology requirement.


http://www.jci.org/articles/view/42051?key=456180f4a34aad821c6f#B87



see also ;

Monday, June 14, 2010

A molecular switch controls interspecies prion disease transmission in mice


http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2010/06/molecular-switch-controls-interspecies.html



Friday, May 14, 2010

Prion Strain Mutation Determined by Prion Protein Conformational Compatibility and Primary Structure

Published Online May 13, 2010 Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1187107 Science Express Index


http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2010/05/prion-strain-mutation-determined-by.html



http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/



Saturday, June 5, 2010

Research Project: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: Identification of atypical scrapie in Canadian sheep


http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/06/research-project-transmissible.html




Wednesday, June 16, 2010

Defining sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease strains and their transmission properties


http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/06/defining-sporadic-creutzfeldt-jakob.html




Wednesday, June 02, 2010

CJD Annex H UPDATE AFTER DEATH PRECAUTIONS Published: 2 June 2003 Updated: May 2010


http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2010/06/cjd-annex-h-update-after-death.html





Sunday, August 09, 2009

CJD...Straight talk with...James Ironside...and...Terry Singeltary... 2009


http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2009/08/cjdstraight-talk-withjames.html



Tuesday, August 18, 2009

BSE-The Untold Story - joe gibbs and singeltary 1999 - 2009


http://madcowusda.blogspot.com/2009/08/bse-untold-story-joe-gibbs-and.html



Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net

Labels: , , , ,

Saturday, June 12, 2010

PUBLICATION REQUEST AND FOIA REQUEST Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

Subject: PUBLICATION REQUEST AND FOIA REQUEST Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


Greetings BSE-L members et al ;

For a while now, I have been trying to get access to the results of the study Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical BSE, where the ending date was ;

> End Date: Sep 14, 2009

With such an important study, one that should now result in a more stringent SRM removal since we are not finding that atypical BSE _is_ more virulent.

please see ;


> Differences in tissue distribution could require new regulations

> regarding specific risk material (SRM) removal.


I thought I might update the kind members of the BSE-L et al on my progress. For those that may be interested, I will start by date of my first request, first, with any comments to follow, to the latest request, replies, and comment from officials, with the last OIG reply on June 3, 2010. ...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
To: maria.caramelli@izsto.it
Sent: Friday, April 30, 2010 12:00 PM
Subject: re-Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

Hello Dr. Maria Caramelli Ma'am !

A kind and warm greetings from Bacliff, Texas. I wish to ask a question please if you don't mind. I have been trying to find out any results of the atypical h-BSE and l-BSE, on the study that was suppose to be finished in 2009. I tell you the truth Ma'am, i cannot even get the USDA et al to reply about this study. So, i thought i might write you and see if you could tell me any results? it would be most helpful, but i do understand the politics of releasing any such information to the lay public like myself. regardless, many thanks for your work Ma'am................

with warmest regards,

I am sincerely,

Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518


CEA - Centro Encefalopatie Animali - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta

#20 - BSE Italian Reference Laboratory Contact Team Leader: Dr. Maria Caramelli Via Bologna 148 Torino, I- 10154, Italy Contact: Dr. Maria Caramelli Tel: +39 11 2686296 Fax: +39 11 2686360 E-mail: maria.caramelli@izsto.it Institute website:

http://www.izsto.it


maria.caramelli@izsto.it


Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit

Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Project Type: Specific Cooperative Agreement

Start Date: Sep 15, 2004 End Date: Sep 14, 2009

Objective: The objective of this cooperative research project with Dr. Maria Caramelli from the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory in Turin, Italy, is to conduct comparative studies with the U.S. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolate and the atypical BSE isolates identified in Italy. The studies will cover the following areas: 1. Evaluation of present diagnostics tools used in the U.S. for the detection of atypical BSE cases. 2. Molecular comparison of the U.S. BSE isolate and other typical BSE isolates with atypical BSE cases. 3. Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species.

Approach: This project will be done as a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, in Turin, Italy. It is essential for the U.S. BSE surveillance program to analyze the effectiveness of the U.S diagnostic tools for detection of atypical cases of BSE. Molecular comparisons of the U.S. BSE isolate with atypical BSE isolates will provide further characterization of the U.S. BSE isolate. Transmission studies are already underway using brain homogenates from atypical BSE cases into mice, cattle and sheep. It will be critical to see whether the atypical BSE isolates behave similarly to typical BSE isolates in terms of transmissibility and disease pathogenesis. If transmission occurs, tissue distribution comparisons will be made between cattle infected with the atypical BSE isolate and the U.S. BSE isolate. Differences in tissue distribution could require new regulations regarding specific risk material (SRM) removal.


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490



snip...end


----- Original Message -----

From: flounder9@verizon.net
To: webmaster@ars.usda.gov
Cc: flounder9@verizon.net
Sent: Friday, April 30, 2010 12:07 PM
Subject: From ARS Web Site: PUBLICATION REQUEST

Message: Greetings, Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse the study below said that the end date was Sep 14, 2009. can you now tell me please what those results were, and if it will be necessary to change SRM removal due to any different tissue infectivity distribution ? could you please supply me with the results of this study ? Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Project Type: Specific Cooperative Agreement Start Date: Sep 15, 2004 End Date: Sep 14, 2009 Objective: The objective of this cooperative research project with Dr. Maria Caramelli from the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory in Turin, Italy, is to conduct comparative studies with the U.S. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) isolate and the atypical BSE isolates identified in Italy. The studies will cover the following areas: 1. Evaluation of present diagnostics tools used in the U.S. for the detection of atypical BSE cases. 2. Molecular comparison of the U.S. BSE isolate and other typical BSE isolates with atypical BSE cases. 3. Studies on transmissibility and tissue distribution of atypical BSE isolates in cattle and other species. Approach: This project will be done as a Specific Cooperative Agreement with the Italian BSE Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, in Turin, Italy. It is essential for the U.S. BSE surveillance program to analyze the effectiveness of the U.S diagnostic tools for detection of atypical cases of BSE. Molecular comparisons of the U.S. BSE isolate with atypical BSE isolates will provide further characterization of the U.S. BSE isolate. Transmission studies are already underway using brain homogenates from atypical BSE cases into mice, cattle and sheep. It will be critical to see whether the atypical BSE isolates behave similarly to typical BSE isolates in terms of transmissibility and disease pathogenesis. If transmission occurs, tissue distribution comparisons will be made between cattle infected with the atypical BSE isolate and the U.S. BSE isolate. Differences in tissue distribution could require new regulations regarding specific risk material (SRM) removal.


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490



Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518


Name: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The message above was emailed to you through the ARS web site , where the author was looking at the following URL: /research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490


END...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: flounder9@verizon.net
To: webmaster@ars.usda.gov
Cc: flounder9@verizon.net
Sent: Tuesday, May 04, 2010 6:43 AM
Subject: From ARS Web Site: PUBLICATION REQUEST

Message:

Greetings,

Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

snip...

Differences in tissue distribution could require new regulations regarding specific risk material (SRM) removal.


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490



Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518

Name: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The message above was emailed to you through the ARS web site , where the author was looking at the following URL:


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490




END...TSS



----- Original Message -----

From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
To: USDAfoia@da.usda.gov
Cc: phyllis.fong@oig.usda.gov ; FOIASTAFF@oig.usda.gov ; paffairs@oig.hhs.gov ; HHSTips@oig.hhs.gov
Sent: Wednesday, May 05, 2010 4:28 PM
Subject: F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


Greetings OIE USDA FOIA et al;


I have made numerous attempts at finding the results of the following study with absolutely no luck or reply.


So I suppose I must make a F.O.I.A. request on the following ;


re-F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


----- Original Message -----

From: flounder9@verizon.net
To: webmaster@ars.usda.gov
Cc: flounder9@verizon.net S
ent: Tuesday, May 04, 2010 6:43 AM Subject: From ARS Web Site: PUBLICATION REQUEST


Message:


Greetings,


Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

the study below said that the end date was Sep 14, 2009.

can you now tell me please what those results were, and if it will be necessary to change SRM removal due to any different tissue infectivity distribution ? could you please supply me with the results of this study ?


SNIP...END...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: flounder9@verizon.net
To: webmaster@ars.usda.gov
Cc: flounder9@verizon.net
Sent: Thursday, May 06, 2010 8:14 AM
Subject: From ARS Web Site: Animal Health/Welfare - 1272397367667

Message:

Greetings, the study below said that the end date was Sep 14, 2009. can you now tell me please what those results were, and if it will be necessary to change SRM removal due to any different tissue infectivity distribution ? could you please supply me with the results of this study ? Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Project Type: Specific Cooperative Agreement Start Date: Sep 15, 2004 End Date: Sep 14, 2009


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490




snip...


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


The message above was emailed to you through the ARS web site , where the author was looking at the following URL:


http://www.ushrl.saa.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=408490




END...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: Tangredi, Joseph
To: flounder9@verizon.net
Sent: Monday, May 10, 2010 8:36 AM
Subject: Your FOIA Request


Dear Mr. Singletary:


Thank you for contacting the USDA Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Service Center, requesting a copy of Project Number 3625-3200-086-05, a research study on atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. I have referred your FOIA request to the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), which cooperated in the study with the researcher in Italy, Dr. Maria Caramelli.


I am not sure why you sent this FOIA request to the Offices of the Inspector General (OIG) at USDA and HHS. Inspector General’s Offices generally only process FOIA requests concerning work or case files that they are directly handling; not matters relating to scientific research. USDA’s Agricultural Research Service has its own FOIA officer and staff, which can be reached at:


FOIA Officer USDA-REE-ARS-IS 5601 Sunnyside Avenue Bldg. 1, Rm. 2248 Beltsville, MD 20705-5128 Telephone: 301-504-1640 or 301-504-1655 Facsimile: 301-504-1647; TTY: 301-504-1743 REEFOIA@ars.usda.gov


Please be in touch with the ARS FOIA office regarding fulfillment of your FOIA request. ARS’s FOIA Officer is Stasia Hutchison.


Thank you again for contacting USDA’s FOIA Service Center.


Sincerely,

Joseph Tangredi Operations Manager

FOIA Service Center

USDA

202-720-8164

END...TSS



----- Original Message -----

From: USDAFOIA
To: flounder9@verizon.net
Sent: Monday, May 10, 2010 9:58 AM
Subject: F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


Dear Mr. Singletary:


Thank you for contacting the USDA Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Service Center, requesting a copy of Project Number 3625-3200-086-05, a research study on atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. I have referred your FOIA request to the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), which cooperated in the study with the researcher in Italy, Dr. Maria Caramelli.

I am not sure why you sent this FOIA request to the Offices of the Inspector General (OIG) at USDA and HHS. Inspector General’s Offices generally only process FOIA requests concerning work or case files that they are directly handling; not matters relating to scientific research. USDA’s Agricultural Research Service has its own FOIA officer and staff, which can be reached at:

FOIA Officer USDA-REE-ARS-IS 5601 Sunnyside Avenue Bldg. 1, Rm. 2248 Beltsville, MD 20705-5128 Telephone: 301-504-1640 or 301-504-1655 Facsimile: 301-504-1647; TTY: 301-504-1743 REEFOIA@ars.usda.gov

Please be in touch with the ARS FOIA office regarding fulfillment of your FOIA request. ARS’s FOIA Officer is Stasia Hutchison.

Thank you again for contacting USDA’s FOIA Service Center.

Sincerely,

Joseph Tangredi Operations Manager

FOIA Service Center

USDA

202-720-8164

END...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
To: REEFOIA@ars.usda.gov
Sent: Monday, May 10, 2010 9:23 PM
Subject: F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


Greetings USDA FOIA et al;


I have made numerous attempts at finding the results of the following study with absolutely no luck or reply.

So I suppose I must make a F.O.I.A. request on the following ;

re-F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

the study below said that the end date was Sep 14, 2009.

can you now tell me please what those results were, and if it will be necessary to change SRM removal due to any different tissue infectivity distribution ?

could you please supply me with the results of this study ?

Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05

Project Type: Specific Cooperative Agreement Start Date: Sep 15, 2004 End Date: Sep 14, 2009

SNIP...END...TSS



----- Original Message -----

From: White, Donald B (OIG/IO)
To: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Sent: Tuesday, May 11, 2010 12:31 PM
Subject: RE: F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


I think (but am not sure) that you are trying to contact the Freedom of Information Act office of the US Department of Agriculture. (I am with a completely separate federal agency.)

If I am correct, you can find their website here: http://www.dm.usda.gov/foia.htm Thanks for the email. -- Don White, HHS, OIG, Public Affairs

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [mailto:flounder9@verizon.net]
Sent: Wednesday, May 05, 2010 5:29 PM
To: USDAfoia@da.usda.gov Cc: phyllis.fong@oig.usda.gov; FOIASTAFF@oig.usda.gov; Public Affairs; Tips, HHS
Subject: F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse

Greetings OIE USDA FOIA et al;

I have made numerous attempts at finding the results of the following study with absolutely no luck or reply.

So I suppose I must make a F.O.I.A. request on the following ;

re-F.O.I.A. re-Publication Request Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05 Study of Atypical Bse


SNIP...END...TSS


----- Original Message -----

From: Williams, Monica
To: flounder9@verizon.net
Cc: Williams, Monica
Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2010 7:21 AM Subject: Freedom of Information Act Request

Terry Singeltary Sr.:

This is to acknowledge receipt of your May 10, 2010, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request concerning the results for Research Project Number: 3625-32000-086-05, Study of Atypical BSE at the Virus and Prion Research Unit. Your request was received in this office on May 11, 2010, and assigned FOIA No. 10-93, with a response date of June 9, 2010.

If you have any questions, concerning the status of your request, please contact this office at 301-504-1640 or by e-mail at reefoia@ars.usda.gov.

Monica Williams

FOIA Office, REE USDA

5601 Sunnyside Avenue

Room 1-2226C, Mail Stop 5128

Beltsville, MD 20705-5128

reefoia@ars.usda.gov

Telephone: 301-504-1640

Facsimile: 301-504-1647

END...TSS




JUNE 3, 2010

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20250

JUN - 3 2010

Mr. Terry S. Singeltary, Sr.

P.O. Box 42

Bacliff, TX 77518

Subject: Log No. 10-00076

Dear Mr. Singeltary:

This letter responds to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the Office of Inspector General (OIG) at the Department of Agriculture (USDA). We received your request on May 5, 2010. Your letter requested the results of Project Number 3625-32000-086-05, Study of Atypical BSE.

We have conducted a search of OIG records based on the information provided and found no records responsive to your request.

For information about OIG, please refer to our Web site at ww.usda.gov/oig/home.htm. Should you have any questions or need additional information, please feel free to contact our office at (202) 720-5677.

Sincerely,

Alison Decker

FOIA/PA Attorney

END...TSS




Greetings again BSE-L Members et al,


IT seems we are back to square one here.

I am reminded of another FOIA request, where it took over 10 years of FOIA requests to the USDA ET AL, to finally find out that the Faillace farm they raided, where they claimed there were for sure ATYPICAL T.S.E. (PRION DISEASE) OF FOREIGN ORIGIN IN THE UNITED STATES [Docket No. 00-072-1], and in the end, after ten years of wrangling with the USDA, come to find out the damn sheep did not have _no_ TSE what so ever.


Saturday, February 27, 2010

FINAL REPORT OF THE TESTING OF THE BELGIAN (VERMONT) SHEEP February 27, 2010


http://foiamadsheepmadrivervalley.blogspot.com/2010/02/final-report-of-testing-of-belgian.html




ALSO, I have requested via FOIA numerous mad cow feed ban violations over the past decade ;



09/10/2009

Dear Requester:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for records regarding:

FEED FOR RUMINANT ANIMALS - RECALL #V-258-2009

We will respond as soon as possible and may charge you a fee for processing your request. If your informational needs change, and you no longer need the requested records, please contact the undersigned to cancel your request, as charges may be incurred once processing of your request has begun.

For more information on processing fees, please see


http://www.fda.gov/opacom/backgrounders/foiahand.html#fees.


If you have any questions about your request, please call Rochelle A. Coleman, Information Technician, at (301) 827- 6554 or write to us at:

Food and Drug Administration Division of Freedom of Information 5600 Fishers Lane, HFI-35 Rockville, MD 20857

If you call or write, use the reference number above which will help us to answer your questions more quickly.

TERRY S SINGELTARY
P.O. BOX 42
BACLIFF TX 77518


In Reply refer to: 2009-7430 Sincerely, Rochelle A. Coleman, Information Technician,


Friday, September 4, 2009

FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT 429,128 lbs. feed for ruminant animals may have been contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009


http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/09/foia-request-on-feed-recall-product.html




Saturday, August 29, 2009

FOIA REQUEST FEED RECALL 2009 Product may have contained prohibited materials Bulk Whole Barley, Recall # V-256-2009


http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/08/foia-request-feed-recall-2009-product.html




C O N F I R M E D


----- Original Message -----

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

To:

Sent: Thursday, November 05, 2009 9:25 PM

Subject: [BSE-L] re-FOIA REQUEST ON FEED RECALL PRODUCT contaminated with prohibited material Recall # V-258-2009 and Recall # V-256-2009


http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2009/11/re-foia-request-on-feed-recall-product.html




DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration Rockville MD 20857

Terry Singeltary P.O. box 42. Bacliff, TX USA 77518

Dear Requestor

In reply refer to: F2009-7430

This is in response to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on September 10,2009 which you ask for Recall V-258-2009. I apologize for the delay in our response to you. Enclosed you will find the records you requested. The following charges will be included in a monthly invoice:

Reproduction Search Review Total 5 Pages hour $.50 $ $.50

The above charges may not reflect final charges for this request. Please DO NOT send any payment until you receive an invoice from the Agency's Freedom of Information Staff (HFI-35).

Sincerely yours,

Sandy McGeehan

Paralegal Specialist Communications Staff Center for Veterinary Medicine

end...TSS




Memorandum

Date August 26, 2009

From CVM Animal Health Hazard Evaluation Committee

Subject Problem:

Fargam Land & Grain recalled 429,128 pounds of ground corn because it may have been contaminated with prohibited material (material prohibited for use in ruminant feed by the 1997 BSE feed regulation) and was not labeled with the cautionary statement.

The feed mill received two semi trailer loads of barley that had been recalled by Mars Petcare US because it had been contaminated by dog food, some of which is formulated to contain bovine origin meat and bone meal.

The auger used to receive the barley was used to receive two truck loads of corn before the feed mill became aware of the problem with the barley. This potentially allowed some of the dog food in the barley to be carried over into the corn.

Recall Event IDIRES #: 52103

DAF/Surveillance #: 09234

CVM Recall and Emergency Coordinator (Kathy Hemming-Thompson), HFV -234

Field/RES Report Data:

Recalling firm: Fargam Land & Grain 505 Burlington Rd Saginaw, TX 76179

Manufacturer: Mars Petcare US 1 Doane Rd Clinton, OK 73601

Product & Code: Bulk ground corn; 70AY -02

Quantity Manufactured: 429,128 pounds

Quantity Distributed: 429,128 pounds

Recall Contact: Phil Farr, Owner, Fargam Land & Grain, Saginaw, TX

FDA District: Dallas

Field Recommended Classification: Class III

Effectiveness Check Level: Direct Accounts

Page 2 of 4 - DAF 09234 - Health Hazard Evaluation

Background:


snip...

please see full text ;


http://caninespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/




As some of you might remember, this was not the first time i had to request via the FOIA for the USA madcow feed ban warning letters. years back i had to as well. so i thought some of you may be interested in an update on this matter.


so here it is;


Subject: Request to FDA via FOIA of ALL USA Ruminant-to-Ruminant Feed Ban Violations Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2003
Date: Mon, 6 Jan 2003 08:32:43 -0600
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy To: BSE-L

Food and Drug Administration Office of Information Resources Management Division of Freedom of Information (HFI-35) 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857

Or requests may be sent via fax to: (301) 443-1726. If there are problems sending a fax, call (301) 443-2414.

1/6/03

Request to FDA via FOIA of ALL USA Ruminant-to-Ruminant Feed Ban Violations Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2003

Greetings FDA and To Whom it may concern,

i wish to request all ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban violations from Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2003. it seems none has been posted since May 2001 on the FDA site. I also kindly request that all fees be wavered due to the fact this is public information, public health is at risk, and this will be distributed 'freely' to the public...

thank you, kind regards,

I am sincerely,

Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
CJD Watch

http://www.fortunecity.com/healthclub/cpr/349/part1cjd.htm


==========================================================


now since then, just this past Friday 1/10/03, i get this from FDA;


REPLY FROM DPH/FDA to TSS;


PLEASE note, my request was for all R-T-R feed ban violations from Jan. 2001 to Jan. 2003. BUT in the reply, they posted Jan. 2002 to Jan. 2003. i called and this is to be corrected. hopefully this FOIA request will ignite some enthusiasm from the FDA into posting to the public any R-T-R MAD COW FEED BAN violations, since GW et al new policy on secrecy took effect on this matter in May of 2002 (correcting my below 'since May 2001).


TSS


Department of Health & Human Services

Food and Drug Administration Rockville MD 20857

1/7/03

In reply refer to;

xxxxxxx

Dear Requester,

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for records regarding;

RUMINANT-TO-RUMINANT FEED - BAN VIOLATIONS 1/02 - 1/03

We will respond as soon as possible and may charge you a fee for processing your request. If you have any questions about your request, please call Edna G. Wilkerson, Information Technician, at 301-827-6564 or write to us at;

Food and Drug Administration Division of Freedom of Information 5600 Fishers Lance, HFI - 35 Rockville, MD 20857

If you call or write, use the reference number above which will help us to answer your questions more quickly...


===========================================================


now, Sunday, i read this in the Houston Chronicle 1/12/03;


SENATOR AIMS TO UPGRADE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

TEXAS Sen. John Coprnyn says he wants to improve public access to government records in Washington, a position that appears to put him at odds with the Bush administration.

Cornyn, a moderate Republican who sits on the Senate Judiciary Committee, said he'll work on legislation in the coming weeks to improve the Freedom of Information Act.

"FOIA needs to be strenghened," he said, "We need to quicken the turnaround time and create a mechanism that allows an indepentent, third party to decide whether a record should be kept secret."

Echoing sentiments he expressed while serving as Texas attorney general, Cornyn added: "I believe in a system of governement that allows consent of the people. And people can't consent if they don't what their elected officials are doing."

Since taking office two years ago, the Bush Administration has taken steps to restrict access to governement information, an effort that was accelerated in the name of national security following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks......

Greetings again BSE-L list members,

how would _USA_ ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban warning letters have anything to do with terrorism and National Security?


snip...


FYI, please see a bit of history on this topic;

Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 09:04:42 -0700
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Sender: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Subject: MAD COW FEED BAN WARNING LETTERS USA 'update' (where did all Terry's MAD COW warning letters go?)


snip...


Food and Drug Administration Kansas City District Southwest Region 11630 West 60 Street P.O. Box 15905 Lenexa, Kansas 66265-4905 Telephone: (913) 752-2100

July 29, 2002 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED WARNING LETTER Ref. KAN 2002-09

Jerry Behimer, Owner Bakery Trading Company/Ingredient Exchange 401 N. Lindbergh Blvd., Suite 315 St. Louis, MO 63141-7816

Dear Mr. Behimer:

An inspection of your animal feed premix-manufacturing operations, located at 14521 2nd Ave., Ottumwa, Iowa, was conducted by an Investigator from our office on June 18 & 19, 2002. During this inspection, a significant deviation from the requirements set forth in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 589.2000 - Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed was identified. The regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Under 21 C.F.R. 589.2000(g)(2), such a deviation causes products being manufactured and/or distributed by your facility to be deemed misbranded within the meaning of Section 403(a)(l) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act), and these products may not be lawfully introduced, or delivered for introduction, into interstate commerce.

Our investigation found a failure to label your Powdered Cooked Beef, Product No. 5013, produced during the period of 2/13/02 to approximately 4/18/02, with the cautionary statement "Do Not Feed to Cattle or Other Ruminants," as required by 21 C.F.R. 589.2000(d). The FDA suggests the statement be distinguished by different type size or color, or other means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a purchaser.

The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations from the regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use, you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law.

You should take prompt action to correct this violation, and you should establish a system whereby such violations do not recur. Failure to promptly correct these violations may result in regulatory action without further notice, such as seizure and/or injunction.

It is necessary for you to take action on this matter now. We request you provide our office documentation of corrective action and final disposition for Lot 030402, approximately 21 tons, which was on hand during the inspection. Let this office know in writing within fifteen (15) working days from the date you received this letter what steps you are taking to correct the problem.

Your reply should be sent to Nadine Nanko Johnson, Compliance Officer, at the above address.

Sincerely,

/s/

Charles W. Sedgwick

District Director

Kansas City District


http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3430d.htm



Food and Drug Administration Seattle District Pacific Region 22201 23rd Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021-4421 Telephone: 425-466-6766 FAX: 426-483-4996

May 7, 2002 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED In reply refer to Warning Letter SEA 02-46 WARNING LETTER

Mr. Philip C. Anderson, General Manager Darling International, Inc. 2041 Marc Avenue Tacoma, Washington 98401

Dear Mr. Anderson:

An inspection of your rendering operation conducted by Investigator Donald B. McKechnie, on February 22 and 26, 2002, found a significant deviation from the requirements set forth in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 589.2000 - Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed. The regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Such deviation causes products being manufactured and/or distributed by your facility to be misbranded within the meaning of Section 403(f) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).

Our investigation found a failure to consistently label your meat and bone meal product shipped to [redacted], with the required cautionary statement "Do Not Feed to Cattle or Other Ruminants". The meat and bone meal contains beef offal along with other ingredients including chicken, fish, and pork. The FDA suggests the statement be distinguished by different type size or color or other means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a purchaser.

The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations from the regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use, you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law. We have enclosed a copy of the FDA?s Small Entity Compliance Guide to assist you with complying with the regulation.

You should take prompt action to correct this violation, and you should establish a system whereby such violation does not recur. Failure to promptly correct this violation may result in regulatory action without further notice, such as seizure and/or injunction.

You should notify this office in writing within 15 working days of receipt of this letter, of the steps you have taken to bring your firm into compliance with the law. Your response should include an explanation of each step being taken to correct the violation, and to prevent its recurrence. If corrective action cannot be completed in 15 working days, state the reason for the delay and the date by which the corrections will be completed. Include copies of any available documentation demonstrating that corrections have been made.

Please send your reply to the Food and Drug Administration, Attention: Thomas S. Piekarski, Compliance Officer, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021. If you have questions regarding any issue in this letter, please contact Mr. Piekarski at (425) 483-4975. Sincerely, Charles Breen District Director


http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3276d.htm



where, oh where, did all Terry's mad cow feed ban warning letters go $


FDA Cuts Back on Warnings


10/01/02


WASHINGTON -- The Food and Drug Administration has substantially cut back on warnings sent to companies that run afoul of its rules, a move the agency contends will result in more-effective enforcement but that critics say lets violators off the hook.

The drop results from a policy change in late February that requires the FDA chief counsel's office to clear all warning letters to ensure they are legally sound. Before the change, division and district offices around the country issued such letters unilaterally. In the six months since, the agency issued 279 warning letters, a drop of 64% from the same period last year, a review of agency records shows. The FDA says the chief counsel's office rejected only 6% of the 699 warning letters and other citations it reviewed. At the same time, division and district enforcers may be holding back letters they once would have sent.

SEE FULL STORY


http://online.wsj.com/


snip...


Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 13:21:00 -0700
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Sender: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Subject: 'TONNAGE' OF TAINTED FEED $ what's up with the mad cow warning letters


Greetings,


since the FDA has apparently stopped issuing some warning letters;


10/7/02

Senate Questions FDA Commissioner Nominee

In testimony today before the U.S. Senate, Dr. Mark McClellan, the Bush administration nominee for Commissioner of Food and Drugs, said that under his leadership, the FDA would uphold its enforcement authority to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the products it regulates and to ensure that accurate and truthful information is conveyed to the public.

Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.), chairman of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee, expressed concern at the start of the hearing that the FDA may be backing away from its regulatory authority, noting a drop in the number of Warning Letters issued by the agency, rumors that the FDA may regulate certain contact lenses as cosmetics rather than as devices and the agency's re-examination of its policies in light of First Amendment challenges.

Although McClellan did not comment directly on any of the specific examples cited by Kennedy, the nominee said that he sees "no intent on FDA's part to retreat from its mission" of protecting the public health...

snip...


http://www.thompson.com/fda


maybe i was not too far off when i acting in haste on the previous thread on BSE-L, see archived thread;


Subject: USA/THOMPSON TURNS TO COMMUNISM TACTICS, FDA TURNS TO SECRECY ON MAD COW FEED WARNING LETTERS
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2002 12:07:02 -0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: BSE-L


so, i was nosing around the FDA warning letters and other files, came across these and thought since 1/2 to 1 GRAM is lethal to a cow, i thought these TONNAGE in some of these violations i ran across most interesting. no telling how many dead road-kill CWD infected carcasses were rendered into this, along with whatever type TSE in USA cattle, and we can't forget about all the scrapie infected sheep that may have been added to the soup. with a combination of CWD, SCRAPIE, TME and all the different variants that may have come from them over the years, what in the world would you call the TSEs in USA cattle, once they test to find, and then find? could be a nasty one. or maybe none at all? doubtful though (just my opinion, if i still allowed one here);


PRODUCT BioFlavor F2425, BioFlavor F21002 and BioFlavor C20058. The product, packaged in 50 lb. bags, is labeled in part, " *** PALATABILITY ENHANCER INTENDED FOR CAT FOOD USE AT LESS THAN 10% *** INGREDIENT LISTING: *** Beef Broth *** ". Recall # V-140-2 CODE Product Codes F2425 107B-RB-1 107B-RB-2 149C 201D 202C 205D 210A F21002 143B 143D 146D 144B 144D 139D 142D 150D 151D 152C 152D 201C 205C 206C 208A 211A C20058 143D 144C 146C 208B RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Bioproducts, Inc., Fairlawn, OH, by telephone and letter on April 5, 2002. Manufacturer: Bioproducts, Inc., Aurora, MO. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.


REASON Animal feed product with beef protein does not contain required BSE statement on labels.


VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 354,150 lbs.


DISTRIBUTION TX, KS, MO and MI.


_______________________


PRODUCT Steamed Bonemeal in 50-lb. bags, product code C# 13581, packaged under two different labels: Premium Steamed Bonemeal Manufactured by Buchheit Premium Feeds, Perryville, MO, and Steamed Bonemeal Manufactured for Siemer's Enterprises Inc., Teutopolis, IL. Recall # V-141-2. CODE Not coded. RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Buchheit, Inc., Perryville, MO, by telephone on May 14, 2002.


FDA initiated recall is ongoing.


REASON Label lacks BSE warning statement.


VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE

Approx. 902/50-lb. bags.

DISTRIBUTION MO and IL.

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR JUNE 5, 2002

####

PRODUCT

The following custom mixed animal feeds are recalled --- a) [non-ruminant]: Horse Feed, Hog Feed, and 14% Pig Feed. Recall # V-157-2; b) [ruminant]: Dairy Feed, Steer Feed, New Goat Feed, Cattle Feed, and Beef Feed. Recall # V-158-2. CODE The product is coded only with the manufacturing date and invoice numbers. All feed products manufactured and shipped since July 9, 2001 are affected by this recall. RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Recalling Firm: Shepard Grain Company, Inc., Urbana, OH, by telephone on January 11, 2002. Manufacturer: Shepard Grain Company, Inc., W. Liberty, OH.


FDA initiated recall is complete.


REASON Ruminant and non-ruminant animal feeds contain BSE prohibited material, and are either misbranded or adulterated.


VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE

41,129 LBS (20.5 tons).

DISTRIBUTION OH.

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 28, 2002 ####

PRODUCT:

Buckeye 40% Poultry Concentrate. Recall #V-016-1. CODES: The bags are uncoded. Firm is recalling product manufactured since December 1998; however, they are only completing field corrections on product manufactured within the last six months (November 2000). MANUFACTURER: Yachere Feed, Inc. Rockwood, Pennsylvania. RECALLED BY: Manufacturer, by visit on 3/19/01 and 3/20/01.


Firm-initiated recall complete.


DISTRIBUTION:

Pennsylvania.

QUANTITY:

Nine containers, each weighing 100 pounds.

REASON: The animal feed contains product derived from mammalian tissues and must bear the statement "Do not feed to cattle or other ruminants" on the label to prevent the establishment and amplification of BSE through feed. This statement does not appear on the label.


________



PRODUCT:

"Our Own Pig & Hog Grower" hog feed, packaged in 50 pound bags, with paperboard tags sewn onto the bags. Recall #V-017-1. CODES: The bags are uncoded. MANUFACTURER: The Perry Coal and Feed Company, Perry, Ohio. RECALLED BY: Manufacturer, by telephone on March 22, 2001.


Firm-initiated recall complete.


DISTRIBUTION:

Ohio.

QUANTITY:

Approximately 350 pounds of hog feed (7/50 pound bags).

REASON: The animal feed contains protein derived from mammalian tissues and must bear the statement "Do not feed to cattle or other ruminants" on the label to prevent the establishment and amplification of BSE through feed. This statement does not appear on the label.


________



PRODUCT

Loweís 40% Hog Concentrate - swine feed for mixing grower and finisher rations, in 50-pound bulk bags. Recall #V-057-0. CODE All codes between August 1, 1999 and November 23, 1999. MANUFACTURER Lowe's Feed & Grain, Inc., Bowling Green, Kentucky. RECALLED BY Manufacturer, by letter dated November 18, 1999, and by telephone.


Firm-initiated recall complete.


DISTRIBUTION

Ohio.

QUANTITY

12.46 tons were distributed.

REASON Product contained protein derived from mammalian tissue and according to regulation must bear the statement "Do not feed to cattle or other ruminants" on the label. This regulation is designed to prevent the establishment and amplification of BSE through feed. This statement does not appear on the label.


________



RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: VETMED -- CLASS II

________


RECALL NUMBER, PRODUCT AND CODE: V-353-1 through V-370-1, Chicken feed products: Recall # Tag # Product V-353-1 587 B. Challenger Scratch Feed V-354-1 588 B. 18% Gamebird Conditioner V-355-1 2060 B. Kickin' Chicken Premium Game Cock Feed V-356-1 2066 B. Kickin' Chicken Premium Gamebird 16% V-357-1 586 B. Scratch Grain V-358-1 2051 B. Pit Performer 17% V-359-1 575 B. Classic Yard Feed V-360-1 576 Eliminator Maintainer V-361-1 578 Eliminator Conditioner V-362-1 586 Producer Scratch Grain V-363-1 4587 Producer 12% Gamebird Yard Feed V-364-1 2065 Cleveland Trophy Cock Feed V-365-1 80181AAA Consolidated Hen Scratch V-366-1 2051 B&B Maintenance 12 V-367-1 2052 B&B Conditioner 14 V-368-1 2050 B&B Scratch 10 V-369-1 4590 Kingsport Original Prater Mix V-370-1 2062 PC 10 (unlabeled bags) ALL CODES The "B" indicates that the Burkmann Feeds brand name is listed on the tag labels. The suspect products are also bagged and distributed under the following private labels:

Producer Feeds, Louisville, Kentucky Kingsport Milling, Kingsport, Tennessee Consolidated Nutrition, L.C., Omaha, Nebraska B&B Feeds, Knoxville, Tennessee Eagle Roller Mill Co., Inc., Shelby, North Carolina Central Farm Supply of Kentucky, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky

REASON: The chicken feed products may contain proteins derived from mammalian tissues. The products are not labeled with the required BSE caution statement "Do Not Feed to Cattle or Other Ruminants."

MANUFACTURER/RECALLING FIRM: Burkmann Feeds, London, Kentucky

RECALLED BY: On May 5, 2001, the firm mailed recall letters with attached BSE sticker-labels to all customers outside the state of Kentucky. The recall notices were hand- delivered to customers within the state of Kentucky by Burkmann's Sales Representatives. Customers were asked to complete and return a recall response form that was included with each letter documenting the numbers of bags and varieties of products for which the customers affixed the BSE sticker-labels. The firm expanded their recall on May 10, 2001, and mailed recall letters with BSE labels and response forms to the affected customers.


FIRM INITIATED RECALL: Ongoing

DISTRIBUTION: KY, GA, NC, TN, VA

QUANTITY:

933 tons


_______________________________



RECALL NUMBER, PRODUCT AND CODE: V-377-1, Renner's brand 45% meat and bone meal, packed in 100 pound bags. REASON: The product contained protein material derived from bovine mammalian tissues; however, the bags are not labeled with the required BSE cautionary statement. MANUFACTURER/RECALLING FIRM: F. W. Renner & Sons, Inc., Canton, Ohio RECALLED BY: The recalling firm contacted the consignees by telephone on June 19, 2001.

FIRM INITIATED RECALL: Complete

DISTRIBUTION: OH

QUANTITY: 2,500 lbs


_______________________________



RECALL NUMBER, PRODUCT AND CODE: V-378-1 to V-384-1, RenPro 58% (brand name) swine and poultry feeds in bulk, as follows: V-378-1 - Poultry Layer #215 - guaranteed analysis 15% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 3.5% crude fiber. V-379-1 - Poultry Layer #216 - guaranteed analysis 16% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 3.5% crude fiber. V-380-1 - Poultry Layer #217 - guaranteed analysis 17% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 3.5% crude fiber. V-381-1 - Poultry Layer #218 - guaranteed analysis 18% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 3.5% crude fiber. V-382-1 - Poultry Layer #219 - guaranteed analysis 19% crude protein, 3.5% crude fat, and 4% crude fiber. V-383-1 - Poultry Prelay #115 - guaranteed analysis 16% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 5% crude fiber. V-384-1 - Poultry Developer #110 - guaranteed analysis 14% crude protein, 3% crude fat, and 5.5% crude fiber. MANFACTURER: Esbenshade Mills, Mount Joy, PA RECALLED BY: On 5/24/01, the manufacturer notified their customers of the labeling requirement via letter.


FIRM INITIATED RECALL: Complete

DISTRIBUTION: PA

QUANTITY: None. The product turn over is two weeks or less.

END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 25, 2001.


http://www.fda.gov/


on second thought, i now see why they are cutting back on these warning letters of the infamous 8/4/97 ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban in the USA, that never was. same reason they are not testing cows in sufficient numbers to find any TSEs.

they simply don't want to know, and don't want the public to know either, thus keep the gold card 'BSE FREE'.

one more time, to all EU/SEAC members please re-evaluate the current GBR of the USA, and change from GBR II to GBR III. the complete GBR assessment should be changed to include _all_ TSEs...

P.S. i wonder how deer/elk feed would be listed on FDA site? odd with all the products i sent through the list on deer/elk feed with _animal protein_, i have not seen any warning letters on deer/elk feed. course, it could be filed with the infamous and very handy 'non-species coding system' that is used on imports (i documented here many times).

still disgusted in Bacliff, Texas USA Terry S. Singeltary Sr.

Terry S. Singeltary Sr. wrote:


######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########



Greetings and Happy Holidays,

hi Linda,

many thanks for this reply, was just checking in to see if anything new had happened since our last correspondence. i thought i had missed something?

Unfortunately, the new database is much more complicated than

the old one, and it does not lend itself to presenting data in

a simple spreadsheet as we did in the past.

how convenient;-) i had no problems with the old one...

Please be assured that CVM is working to solve this problem,

and we do plan to post this data in the future.

thank you, if USDA/APHIS are lucky, i will hold my breath until that time;-)

nothing personal Linda, take care, and may the New Year bring

PEACE...


TSS


CVM HomePage wrote:


Dear Mr. Singeltary:

As mentioned in my e-mail of December 4, FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine never posted the Warning Letters for ruminant feed violations on our "BSE" page -- http://www.fda.gov/cvm/index/bse/bsetoc.html. However, these Warning Letters have been included on the FDA "Warning Letters" page -- http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning.htm that is located on the FDA's "Electronic Freedom of Information Reading Room" page. But, not as a separate category of Warning Letters for violations of the ruminant feed rules.


I checked the Warning Letter page, and found that quite a few Warning Letters have been posted since May; however, I did not find any more recent than May 7, 2002, regarding "Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant Feed/Misbranded" (ruminant feed rule violations.) You may wish to file a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to determine if more recent Warning Letters have been issued, but not posted on the FDA Home Page. Information about filing a FOIA request may be found at: http://www.fda.gov/opacom/backgrounders/foiahand.html


As mentioned on the "CVM and Ruminant Feed (BSE) Inspections" site --


"After March 11, 2002, FDA discontinued the database that was used to compile these listings. The Agency started a new database on April 15, 2002, and future updates on BSE enforcement and inspectional findings will draw from it. The format of the information presented here may change, due to design changes of the new database. This site will be updated after a period of time that allows for transition into the new database system."


Unfortunately, the new database is much more complicated than the old one, and it does not lend itself to presenting data in a simple spreadsheet as we did in the past. Please be assured that CVM is working to solve this problem, and we do plan to post this data in the future.


We have nothing new to report at this time.

I hope that this information is helpful.

Sincerely yours,

Linda A. Grassie for the FDA Home Page



-----Original Message-----

From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [mailto:flounder@wt.net]
Sent: Saturday, December 21, 2002 4:03 PM
To: CVMHomeP@cvm.fda.gov
Subject: USA ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban warning letters ???


Greetings,


i have noticed the inspections and warning letters from firms not complying with the ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban violations has not been updated since (March 11, 2002)?

2) Firms Currently Considered as Not in Compliance with the BSE Feed Rule

The following spreadsheet is a subset of Spreadsheet 1 and contains the name, address, and firm identifier of all firms that were considered as not being in compliance with the BSE feed regulation at their most recent inspection, according to the BSE inspection database. Compliance status was determined by examination of the BSE Inspection Checklist. The dates of the inspections and the specific BSE provision violations for each inspection are also included. The listing is organized alphabetically first by the FDA District and then by the state in which the inspected facility is located.

Most Recent BSE Inspections, Firms Not in Compliance

http://www.fda.gov/cvm/efoi/InpectionListDescriptionforHP.htm


i would be interested to know if all firms are now complying and that no warning letters have been issued since may of 2002, or have they just not been posted?

if so, how can i locate them?

thank you, kind regards, terry


=======================================================



TRIPLE FIRE WALLS OF WHAT ???

NOW about those triple fire walls and imports and what about these potential biological 'TSE/FMD SUITCASE BOMBS'. omitting the 44 tons of MBM/GREAVES we imported from the UK;

Subject: Re: exports from the U.K. of it's MBM to U.S.???
From: S.J.Pearsall@esg.maff.gsi.gov.uk
Date: Tue, 8 Feb 2000 14:03:16 +0000
To: flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested) (Non Receipt Notification Requested)

Terry

Meat and bonemeal is not specifically classified for overseas trade purposes. The nearest equivalent is listed as "flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage), unfit for human consumption; greaves". UK exports of this to the US are listed below:

Country Tonnes

1980

1981 12

1982

1983

1984 10

1985 2

1986

1987

1988

1989 20

1990

Data for exports between 1975 and 1979 are not readily available. These can be obtained (at a charge) from data retailers appointed by HM Customs and Excise: BTSL (Tel: 01372 463121) or Abacus (01245 252222).

Best wishes Simon Pearsall Overseas trade statistics Stats (C&F)C

Simon as discussed thanks Julie --- Forwarded message: Sent: Fri Feb 04 21:47:01 2000 Received: Fri Feb 04 21:45:15 2000


=========================================


or what about these potential BSE/TSE imports;


Bovine anmls bnlss ex prcssd frozen/U.S. Imports for Consumption 1997 year to date (custom value, in thousands of dollars) (units of quantity: kilograms)

United Kingdom 37,122 kilograms, 43 thousand dollars Netherlands 56,260 kilograms, 413 thousand dollars Canada 18,141,481 kilograms, 23,914 million dollars


http://mad-cow.org/~tom/sept_mid_98_news.html#offals




and if there is BSE in sheep, here is UK sheep/goat export ;

http://www.vegsource.com/articles/sheep_exports.htm




BSE/TSE MADCOW SUITCASE BOMBS

USCS=UNSPECIFIED SPECIES CODING SYSTEM=ANYTHING GOES THE USA SEALED BORDERS ARE LEAKING, AND HAVE BEEN FOR DECADES...TSS


Date: Thu, 21 Mar 2002 08:42:56 -0800
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Sender: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." S
ubject: USA SEALED BORDERS AND THE ''USCS'' (unspecified species coding system) MORE POTENTIAL B.S.eee

snip...


http://www.agobservatory.org/library.cfm?refID=30390





2010 USA mad cow feed ban ???



Monday, April 5, 2010

Update on Feed Enforcement Activities to Limit the Spread of BSE April 5, 2010


http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2010/04/update-on-feed-enforcement-activities.html





In 1999 I also requested information on the USA BSE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN via FOIA ;



Subject: U.S. Emergency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Response Plan Summary

Date: Tue, 4 May 1999 18:25:12 -0500

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

To: mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000265/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de

Tuesday, July 14, 2009 U.S. Emergency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Response Plan Summary and BSE Red Book

Date: February 14, 2000 at 8:56 am PST

WHERE did we go wrong $$$


http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2009/07/us-emergency-bovine-spongiform.html




IN 2000 I went through the F.O.I.A. process for the following as well ;


Saturday, August 16, 2008

F.O.I.A. Qualitative Analysis of BSE Risk Factors in the United States February 13, 2000 at 3:37 pm PST (BSE red book)


http://bseusa.blogspot.com/2008/08/qualitative-analysis-of-bse-risk.html





Monday, October 19, 2009

Atypical BSE, BSE, and other human and animal TSE in North America Update October 2009


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/10/atypical-bse-bse-and-other-human-and.html




Topic: Emerging Infectious Diseases Preferred type of presentation:

International Scientific Exchange

This abstract has been ACCEPTED. #0670:

Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America update October 2009

Authors: T. Singeltary; Bacliff, TX/US

Title: Transmissible Spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal and human TSE in North America update October 2009

Body: Background An update on atypical BSE and other TSE in North America.

Please remember, the typical U.K. c-BSE, the atypical l-BSE (BASE), and h-BSE have all been documented in North America, along with the typical scrapie's, and atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, and to date, 2 different strains of CWD, and also TME. All these TSE in different species have been rendered and fed to food producing animals for humans and animals in North America (TSE in cats and dogs ?), and that the trading of these TSEs via animals and products via the USA and Canada has been immense over the years, decades.

Methods 12 years independent research of available data

Results I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2009. With all the science to date refuting it, to continue to validate this old myth, will only spread this TSE agent through a multitude of potential routes and sources i.e. consumption, medical i.e., surgical, blood, dental, endoscopy, optical, nutritional supplements, cosmetics etc.

Conclusion I would like to submit a review of past CJD surveillance in the USA, and the urgent need to make all human TSE in the USA a reportable disease, in every state, of every age group, and to make this mandatory immediately without further delay. The ramifications of not doing so will only allow this agent to spread further in the medical, dental, surgical arena's. Restricting the reporting of CJD and or any human TSE is NOT scientific. Iatrogenic CJD knows NO age group, TSE knows no boundaries. I propose as with Aguzzi, Asante, Collinge, Caughey, Deslys, Dormont, Gibbs, Gajdusek, Ironside, Manuelidis, Marsh, et al and many more, that the world of TSE Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy is far from an exact science, but there is enough proven science to date that this myth should be put to rest once and for all, and that we move forward with a new classification for human and animal TSE that would properly identify the infected species, the source species, and then the route.

Keywords: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease Prion

see page 114 ;


http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/14th_ICID_ISE_Abstracts.pdf



http://www.isid.org/14th_icid/


http://www.isid.org/publications/ICID_Archive.shtml


http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/IMED2009_AbstrAuth.pdf



Sent: Friday, January 29, 2010 3:23 PM

Subject: 14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases H-type and L-type Atypical BSE January 2010

(special pre-congress edition) 18.173 page 189

Experimental Challenge of Cattle with H-type and L-type Atypical BSE

A. Buschmann1, U. Ziegler1, M. Keller1, R. Rogers2, B. Hills3, M.H. Groschup1. 1Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, 2Health Canada, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Products & Food Branch, Ottawa, Canada, 3Health Canada, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada

Background: After the detection of two novel BSE forms designated H-type and L-type atypical BSE the question of the pathogenesis and the agent distribution of these two types in cattle was fully open. From initial studies of the brain pathology, it was already known that the anatomical distribution of L-type BSE differs from that of the classical type where the obex region in the brainstem always displays the highest PrPSc concentrations. In contrast in L-type BSE cases, the thalamus and frontal cortex regions showed the highest levels of the pathological prion protein, while the obex region was only weakly involved.

Methods:We performed intracranial inoculations of cattle (five and six per group) using 10%brainstemhomogenates of the two German H- and L-type atypical BSE isolates. The animals were inoculated under narcosis and then kept in a free-ranging stable under appropriate biosafety conditions.At least one animal per group was killed and sectioned in the preclinical stage and the remaining animals were kept until they developed clinical symptoms. The animals were examined for behavioural changes every four weeks throughout the experiment following a protocol that had been established during earlier BSE pathogenesis studies with classical BSE.

Results and Discussion: All animals of both groups developed clinical symptoms and had to be euthanized within 16 months. The clinical picture differed from that of classical BSE, as the earliest signs of illness were loss of body weight and depression. However, the animals later developed hind limb ataxia and hyperesthesia predominantly and the head. Analysis of brain samples from these animals confirmed the BSE infection and the atypical Western blot profile was maintained in all animals. Samples from these animals are now being examined in order to be able to describe the pathogenesis and agent distribution for these novel BSE types.

Conclusions: A pilot study using a commercially avaialble BSE rapid test ELISA revealed an essential restriction of PrPSc to the central nervous system for both atypical BSE forms. A much more detailed analysis for PrPSc and infectivity is still ongoing.


http://www.isid.org/14th_icid/



http://ww2.isid.org/Downloads/IMED2009_AbstrAuth.pdf



http://www.isid.org/publications/ICID_Archive.shtml




please see full text ;

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Atypical BSE in Cattle


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2010/03/atypical-bse-in-cattle-position-post.html




2009 UPDATE ON ALABAMA AND TEXAS MAD COWS 2005 and 2006


http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2006/08/bse-atypical-texas-and-alabama-update.html




Thursday, June 03, 2010

Prion Strain Mutation and Selection John Collinge

MEDICINE


http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2010/06/prion-strain-mutation-and-selection.html




Friday, May 14, 2010

Prion Strain Mutation Determined by Prion Protein Conformational Compatibility and Primary Structure

Published Online May 13, 2010 Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1187107 Science Express Index


http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1187107




see full text and more here ;


http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2010/05/prion-strain-mutation-determined-by.html




Wednesday, March 3, 2010

NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE USA 4 CASES DETECTED JANUARY 2010


http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2010/03/nor-98-atypical-scrapie-usa-4-cases.html





Sunday, April 18, 2010

SCRAPIE AND ATYPICAL SCRAPIE TRANSMISSION STUDIES A REVIEW 2010


http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2010/04/scrapie-and-atypical-scrapie.html








Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net

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