Atypical BSE North America Update February 2009
Greetings,
Considering that Mad Cow disease of all documented phenotypes, either the c-BSE, or the atypical h-BSE and or the l-BSE, ALL of which have been documented in North America, how many more, who knows, but they seem to be throwing all there marbles in the pot now by calling the h-type BSE 'familial'. what happens if we come up with another strain ? kinda like the sporadic FFI, that's not familial, what's that all about ? considering the many different strains of the typical scrapie 20+, and then the atypical Nor-98 Scrapie, which the USA has documented 6 cases the last i heard, and the thought of more than one strain of CWD in deer and elk, where will the next year, 4 years, 8 years, and beyond take us in the world of human and animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy and 'sound science' in the USA ? WILL the New Administration see the enfamous enhanced bse surveillance program of 2004 for what it was, a fraud, and have a 'redo' ? WE can hope i suppose. ...TSS
Both of the BSE cases ascertained in the US native-born cattle were atypical cases (H-type), which contributed to the initial ambiguity of the diagnosis. 174, 185 In Canada, there have been 2 atypical BSE cases in addition to the 14 cases of the classic UK strain of BSE2: one was the H-type, and the other was of the L-type.198
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source :
Enhanced Abstract Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association January 1, 2009, Vol. 234, No. 1, Pages 59-72
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Jane L. Harman, DVM, PhD; Christopher J. Silva, PhD
http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/ref/10.2460/javma.234.1.59Thursday, December 04, 2008 2:37 PM
"we have found that H-BSE can infect humans."
personal communication with Professor Kong. ...TSS
PLoS ONE. 2008; 3(3): e1830. Published online 2008 March 19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001830. PMCID: PMC2263129
Copyright This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Association of a Bovine Prion Gene Haplotype with Atypical BSE
Michael L. Clawson,1* Juergen A. Richt,2 Thierry Baron,3 Anne-Gaëlle Biacabe,3 Stefanie Czub,4 Michael P. Heaton,1 Timothy P. L. Smith,1 and William W. Laegreid1¤
1United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC), Clay Center, Nebraska, United States of America
2USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
3Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Unité ATNC, Lyon, France
4National & OIE BSE Reference Laboratories, Pathology/Virology/Wildlife Diseases, Animal Diseases Research Institute/Canada, Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge/Alberta, Canada
Matthew Baylis, Academic Editor
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
* E-mail:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:mike.clawson@ars.usda.govConceived and designed the experiments: MC WL. Performed the experiments: MC JR TS. Analyzed the data: MC JR WL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TB AB SC JR MH. Wrote the paper: MC. Other: Reviewed the paper: WL TS MH SC AB TB JR.
¤Current address: Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
Received December 20, 2007; Accepted February 14, 2008.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Top Abstract Introduction Results and Discussion Materials and Methods Supporting Information References Abstract Background Atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSEs) are recently recognized prion diseases of cattle. Atypical BSEs are rare; approximately 30 cases have been identified worldwide. We tested prion gene (PRNP) haplotypes for an association with atypical BSE.
Methodology/Principle Findings Haplotype tagging polymorphisms that characterize PRNP haplotypes from the promoter region through the three prime untranslated region of exon 3 (25.2 kb) were used to determine PRNP haplotypes of six available atypical BSE cases from Canada, France and the United States. One or two copies of a distinct PRNP haplotype were identified in five of the six cases (p=1.3×10-4, two-tailed Fisher's exact test; CI95% 0.263–0.901, difference between proportions). The haplotype spans a portion of PRNP that includes part of intron 2, the entire coding region of exon 3 and part of the three prime untranslated region of exon 3 (13 kb).
Abstract Introduction Results and Discussion Materials and Methods Supporting Information References IntroductionTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, are infectious, invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders that occur in humans, ruminants, cats, and mink [1]. TSEs are unique in their ability to manifest through acquired, inherited, and sporadic routes [1]. Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is an acquired cattle TSE of unknown origin that spreads through the consumption of meat and bone meal contaminated with the infectious prion agent [2]. Classical BSE is accepted as the probable cause of the human TSE variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) [3], [4]. Two BSEs distinct from classical BSE, so called “atypical BSEs” (H-type and L-type) have recently been identified in Asian, North American and European cattle [2]. Approximately, 30 atypical BSEs have been identified worldwide and their etiology is unclear.
Variation in the prion gene (PRNP) correlates with TSE susceptibility in some mammals including cattle [1], [5]–[7]. The deletion alleles of two bovine PRNP insertion/deletion polymorphisms, one within the promoter region and the other in intron 1, associate with classical BSE susceptibility [5]–[7]. These same alleles do not correlate with atypical BSE susceptibility [8]. In 2006, a United States atypical BSE case was identified and subsequently found to have a PRNP nonsynonymous polymorphism (E211K) that is homologous to the human PRNP E200K polymorphism (observation by J.A.R). The human K200 allele is a highly-penetrant risk factor for genetic CJD [9]. To date, the K211 allele has not been observed in other atypical BSE cases or reported in healthy cattle [10], [11]. Thus, while the K211 allele may have been a genetic cause for one case of atypical BSE, it has not accounted for the majority of atypical cases. Consequently, any association of PRNP alleles with atypical BSE was largely unknown prior to this study.
PRNP variation in cattle is complex. Bovine PRNP polymorphism alleles reflect a region of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) from the promoter through a portion of intron two, and a region of low LD from intron two past the three prime untranslated region. This genetic architecture is present across populations of Bos taurus breeds and a similar trend has been observed in a small sampling of Bos indicus influenced breeds [11]. A set of 19 haplotype tagging polymorphisms (htSNPS) was previously developed that accounts for the genetic architecture of PRNP and characterizes haplotype diversity within and across PRNP [11]. In this study, we used the htSNPs to test PRNP haplotypes for an association with atypical BSE and report the association of a relatively uncommon PRNP haplotype with atypical BSE.
Top Abstract Introduction Results and Discussion Materials and Methods Supporting Information References Results and DiscussionThe 19 PRNP htSNPs were used to determine PRNP haplotypes of six available atypical BSE cases that originated from Canada, France and the United States. The haplotypes were phased in previously defined PRNP regions of high and low LD (Fig. 1A; network 1 spans the high LD region, network 2 spans the low LD region). Additionally, the entire prion protein (PrP) coding region was sequenced for each of the six atypical BSE cases. None of the cases contained previously unknown SNP alleles in the PrP coding region or the K211 allele. However, one or two copies of a distinct haplotype were identified by haplotype reconstructions in five of the six cases. The haplotype spans a portion of intron 2, the entire coding region, and a portion of the 3' UTR of PRNP (13 kb), (haplotype “o”, Fig. 1B and 1C, Table 1).
Figure 1 Prion haplotypes of atypical BSE cases.
Table 1 PRNP haplotype sequences in Networks 1 and 2.
The frequency of the implicated haplotype in atypical BSE cases was compared to its frequency in a control group of 114 diverse DNA samples representing 21 breeds of U.S. beef and dairy cattle, since unaffected controls from the farms where the atypical BSE cases originated are not available, nor are diversity panels of beef and dairy cattle in Canada and France. However, the control group of U.S. cattle represents germplasm that is collectively found in Canada, France, and the United States, and current evidence from the international bovine HapMap project indicates that diversity within Bos taurus breeds is similar between countries (personal communication from T.P.L.S.). Therefore, we used the group of U.S. cattle as a surrogate control in this study which involves natural occurrences of atypical BSE cases from three countries on two different continents. The implicated haplotype was observed in both Bos taurus and Bos indicus individuals in the control group and had a frequency of 0.050, ten-fold less than the atypical BSE-cases (frequency=0.50). A Fisher's exact two-tailed test showed a significant association of the haplotype with atypical BSE (p=1.3×10-4), as did the difference between proportions (CI95% 0.263–0.901).
This result suggests that a genetic determinant in or near PRNP may influence susceptibility of cattle to atypical BSE. The causative allele(s) remains to be identified and probably occurs on the background of the implicated PRNP haplotype. Complete sequencing of PRNP from atypical BSE cases and BSE negative controls that both have the implicated haplotype may reveal PRNP alleles with predictive power for atypical BSE. The implicated haplotype itself does not effectively predict atypical BSE because of its frequency in healthy cattle. However, our results combined with the discovery of the PRNP K211 allele suggest that atypical BSE may be managed through the identification of cattle with known genetic risk factors for the disease and their removal from livestock populations.
Composition of atypical BSE group Atypical BSE cases were selected for this study solely on the basis of available DNA for PRNP sequencing and genotyping. DNA samples were obtained from six unrelated BSE cases confirmed as atypical H or L type BSE by Western blot profile (high or low molecular mass of unglycosylated protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) [12]–[14]. Two atypical L-type and two atypical H-type BSE cases originated in France. Two additional atypical H-type BSE cases originated from Canada and the United States.
Composition of cattle control group Samples from two cattle DNA diversity panels were used to construct the cattle control group; the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) Beef Cattle Discovery Panel 2.1 (MBCDP2.1) [15] and the USMARC Dairy Cattle Panel (MDCP1.5) [11], [16]. Breeds in this group include Angus (n=8) Hereford (n=8), Limousin (n=8), Simmental (n=7), Charolais (n=6), Beefmaster (n=5), Red Angus (n=6), Gelbvieh (n=6), Brangus (n=5), Salers (n=5), Brahman (n=6), Shorthorn ( n=5), Maine-Anjou (n=5), Longhorn (n=4), St. Gertrudis (n=4), Chianina (n=4), Holstein (n=8), Jersey (n=7), Guernsey (n=3), Aryshire (n=2), and Brown Swiss (n=2). A total of 21 breeds and 114 individuals are represented in the group.
PRNP amplification and sequence-based genotyping of htSNPs Twelve segments of PRNP were amplified for sequence-based genotyping of 19 htSNPs (Table S1). In addition, the complete prion protein coding region was sequenced. All but two PRNP segments were amplified with the following reagents (per 55 uL reaction), 1.25 units of Thermo-Start DNA Polymerase, 2.3 mM MgCl2, 0.181 mM dNTPs, 0.4 uM forward and reverse amplification primer, and 50 ng genomic DNA. Two segments were amplified with identical concentrations of Taq, dNTPs, primers, and genomic DNA as described above. However, one segment, BTAPRNPDS13a2, was amplified with 1.36 mM MgCl2 and 3% DMSO and the other, segment BTAPRNPDS13b, was amplified with 1.36 mM MgCl2 and 2% DMSO. PCR conditions for the 12 segments were the following: 94°C for 15 min, 40 cycles of 94°C for 20 sec, 58°C for 30 sec (excluding BTAPRNPDS13a2), 72°C for 60 sec, and a final incubation at 72°C for 3 minutes. The primer extension temperature for segment BTAPRNPDS13a2 was conducted at 53°C for 30 sec. Following an Exonuclease I digestion [17], the amplicons were sequenced with BigDye terminator chemistry on an ABI 3730 capillary sequencer (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California). All sequencing primers listed in Table S1 were used in duplicate or quadruplicate for each atypical BSE sample to obtain multiple genotypes of each htSNP.
SNP genotyping, haplotype phasing and statistical testing PRNP sequences were processed for polymorphism detection and genotyping with Phred, Phrap, Polyphred, and Consed software [18]. Haplotype phase was determined with Phase (version 2.1) [19], [20]. The frequencies of PRNP haplotype “o” in the atypical BSE case group and the control group were tested for significance with a Fisher's exact two-tailed test in WinPepi (version 4.5) [21]. The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the frequency proportions with continuity correction was also calculated in WinPepi.
Top Supporting InformationTable S1 Oligonucleotides for amplficiation and sequence genotyping of PRNP htSNPs and the complete PrP coding region. This table lists the oligonucleotides used for amplification and sequence genotyping of PRNP htSNPs and the complete PrP coding region.
(1.66 MB XLS)
Click here for additional data file. (1.5M) Acknowledgments The authors thank Gennie Schuller-Chavez for outstanding technical assistance and Joan Rosch for secretarial assistance.
FootnotesCompeting Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Funding: This research was supported by the USDA National Research Initiative, Competitive Grant No. 2005-35212-15890 and the Agricultural Research Service. Top Abstract Introduction Results and Discussion Materials and Methods Supporting Information References References1.Prusiner, SB. Prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:13363–13383. [PubMed] 2.Brown, P; McShane, LM; Zanusso, G; Detwiler, L. On the question of sporadic or atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1816–1821. [PubMed] 3.Bruce, ME; Will, RG; Ironside, JW; McConnell, I; Drummond, D, et al. Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature. 1997;389:498–501. [PubMed] 4.Hill, AF; Desbruslais, M; Joiner, S; Sidle, KC; Gowland, I, et al. The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE. Nature. 1997;389:448–450. [PubMed] 5.Sander, P; Hamann, H; Pfeiffer, I; Wemheuer, W; Brenig, B, et al. Analysis of sequence variability of the bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) in German cattle breeds. Neurogenetics. 2004;5:19–25. [PubMed] 6.Juling, K; Schwarzenbacher, H; Williams, JL; Fries, R. A major genetic component of BSE susceptibility. BMC Biol. 2006;4:33. [PubMed] 7.Haase, B; Doherr, MG; Seuberlich, T; Drögemüller, C; Dolf, G, et al. PRNP promoter polymorphisms are associated with BSE susceptibility in Swiss and German cattle. BMC Genet. 2007;8:15. [PubMed] 8.Brunelle, BW; Hamir, AN; Baron, T; Biacabe, AG; Richt, JA, et al. Polymorphisms of the prion gene promoter region that influence classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility are not applicable to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle. J Anim Sci. 2007;85:3142–3147. [PubMed] 9.Kovács, GG; Puopolo, M; Ladogana, A; Pocchiari, M; Budka, H, et al. Genetic prion disease: the EUROCJD experience. Hum Genet. 2005;118:166–174. [PubMed] 10.Heaton, MP; Leymaster, KA; Freking, BA; Hawk, DA; Smith, TPL, et al. Prion gene sequence variation within diverse groups of U.S. sheep, beef cattle, and deer. Mamm Genome. 2003;14:765–777. [PubMed] 11.Clawson, ML; Heaton, MP; Keele, JW; Smith, TPL; Harhay, GP, et al. Prion gene haplotypes of U.S. cattle. BMC Genet. 2006;7:51. [PubMed] 12.Baron, T; Biacabe, A-G; Arsac, J-N; Benestad, S; Groschup, MH. Atypical transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in ruminants. Vaccine. 2006;25:5625–5630. [PubMed] 13.Biacabe, A-G; Laplanche, J-L; Ryder, S; Baron, T. Distinct molecular phenotypes in bovine prion diseases. EMBO Rep. 2004;5:110–115. [PubMed] 14.Richt, JA; Kunkle, RA; Alt, D; Nicholson, EM; Hamir, AN, et al. Identification and characterization of two bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases diagnosed in the United States. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007;19:142–154. [PubMed] 15.Heaton, MP; Chitko-McKown, CG; Grosse, WM; Keele, JW; Keen, JE, et al. Interleukin-8 haplotype structure from nucleotide sequence variation in commercial populations of U.S. beef cattle. Mamm Genome. 2001;12:219–226. [PubMed] 16.Heaton, MP; Keen, JE; Clawson, ML; Harhay, GP; Bauer, N, et al. Use of bovine single nucleotide polymorphism markers to verify sample tracking in beef processing. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226:1311–1314. [PubMed] 17.Smith, TP; Godtel, RA; Lee, RT. PCR-based setup for high-throughput cDNA library sequencing on the ABI 3700 automated DNA sequencer. Biotechniques. 2000;29:698–700. [PubMed] 18.Stephens, M; Sloan, JS; Robertson, PD; Scheet, P; Nickerson, DA. Automating sequence-based detection and genotyping of SNPs from diploid samples. Nat Genet. 2006;38:375–381. [PubMed] 19.Stephens, M; Smith, NJ; Donnelly, P. A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. Am J of Hum Genet. 2001;68:978–989. [PubMed] 20.Stephens, M; Scheet, P. Accounting for decay of linkage disequilibrium in haplotype inference and missing-data imputation. Am J of Hum Genet. 2005;76:449–462. [PubMed] 21.Abramson, JH. WINPEPI (PEPI-for-Windows): computer programs for epidemiologists. Epidemi l Perspect Innov. 2004;1:6. [PubMed]
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2263129Evaluation of the Human Transmission Risk of an Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prion Strain
Qingzhong Kong,1* Mengjie Zheng,1 Cristina Casalone,2 Liuting Qing,1 Shenghai Huang,1? Bikram Chakraborty,1 Ping Wang,1 Fusong Chen,1 Ignazio Cali,1 Cristiano Corona,2 Francesca Martucci,2 Barbara Iulini,2 Pierluigi Acutis,2 Lan Wang,1 Jingjing Liang,1 Meiling Wang,1 Xinyi Li,1 Salvatore Monaco,3 Gianluigi Zanusso,3 Wen-Quan Zou,1 Maria Caramelli,2 and Pierluigi Gambetti1* Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,1 CEA, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale, 10154 Torino, Italy,2 Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy3 *Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106. Phone for Pierluigi Gambetti: (216) 368-0586. Fax: (216) 368-2546. E-mail:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:pxg13@case.edu . Phone for Qingzhong Kong: (216) 368-1756. Fax: (216) 368-2546. E-mail:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:qxk2@case.edu ?Present address: Department of Patient Education and Health Information, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195. Received November 30, 2007; Accepted January 16, 2008.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the prion disease in cattle, was widely believed to be caused by only one strain, BSE-C. BSE-C causes the fatal prion disease named new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans. Two atypical BSE strains, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE, also named BSE-L) and BSE-H, have been discovered in several countries since 2004; their transmissibility and phenotypes in humans are unknown. We investigated the infectivity and human phenotype of BASE strains by inoculating transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein with brain homogenates from two BASE strain-infected cattle. Sixty percent of the inoculated Tg mice became infected after 20 to 22 months of incubation, a transmission rate higher than those reported for BSE-C. A quarter of BASE strain-infected Tg mice, but none of the Tg mice infected with prions causing a sporadic human prion disease, showed the presence of pathogenic prion protein isoforms in the spleen, indicating that the BASE prion is intrinsically lymphotropic. The pathological prion protein isoforms in BASE strain-infected humanized Tg mouse brains are different from those from the original cattle BASE or sporadic human prion disease. Minimal brain spongiosis and long incubation times are observed for the BASE strain-infected Tg mice. These results suggest that in humans, the BASE strain is a more virulent BSE strain and likely lymphotropic.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2268471Thursday, December 04, 2008 2:37 PM
"we have found that H-BSE can infect humans."
personal communication with Professor Kong. ...TSS
November 25, 2008
Update On Feed Enforcement Activities To Limit The Spread Of BSE
http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/november-2008-update-on-feed.html"the biochemical signature of PrPres in the BASE-inoculated animal was found to have a higher proteinase K sensitivity of the octa-repeat region. We found the same biochemical signature in three of four human patients with sporadic CJD and an MM type 2 PrP genotype who lived in the same country as the infected bovine."
just another one of those sporadic CJD coincidences i suppose $$$
NOT to forget ;
Thursday, June 05, 2008
Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics
Vet. Res. (2008) 39:15
www.vetres.org DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007053 c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2008 Review article
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And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.
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Cases of atypical BSE have only been found in countries having implemented large active surveillance programs. As of 1st September 2007, 36 cases (16 H, 20 L) have been described all over the world in cattle: Belgium (1 L) [23], Canada (1 H)15, Denmark (1 L)16, France (8 H, 6 L)17, Germany (1 H, 1 L) [13], Italy (3 L)18, Japan (1 L) [71], Netherlands (1 H, 2 L)19, Poland (1 H, 6 L)20, Sweden (1 H)21, United Kingdom (1 H)22, and USA (2 H)23. Another H-type case has been found in a 19 year old miniature zebu in a zoological park in Switzerland [56]. It is noteworthy that atypical cases have been found in countries that did not experience classical BSE so far, like Sweden, or in which only few cases of classical BSE have been found, like Canada or the USA.
And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.
full text 18 pages ;
http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdfplease see full text ;
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.htmlBUT first, here in the USA, we must have a redo of the infamous 2004 Enhanced BSE cover-up surveillance program.
Friday, August 29, 2008
CREEKSTONE VS USDA COURT OF APPEALS, BUSH SAYS, NO WAY, NO HOW
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.htmlSunday, March 16, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.htmlHUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008
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Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants Manuscript of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...
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http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.htmlManuscript Draft Manuscript Number: Title: HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory Article Type: Personal View Corresponding Author: Mr. Terry S. Singeltary, Corresponding Author's Institution: na First Author: Terry S Singeltary, none Order of Authors: Terry S Singeltary, none; Terry S. Singeltary Abstract: TSEs have been rampant in the USA for decades in many species, and they all have been rendered and fed back to animals for human/animal consumption. I propose that the current diagnostic criteria for human TSEs only enhances and helps the spreading of human TSE from the continued belief of the UKBSEnvCJD only theory in 2007.
http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=090000648027c28e&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdfOIE amending the Annex to Decision 2007/453/EC establishing the BSE status of Member States or third countries or regions thereof according to their BSE risk
http://docket-aphis-2006-0041.blogspot.com/2009/01/oie-amending-annex-to-decision.htmlIN A NUT SHELL ; $$$
(Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 23 May 2006)
11. Information published by the OIE is derived from appropriate declarations made by the official Veterinary Services of Member Countries.The OIE is not responsible for inaccurate publication of country disease status based on inaccurate information or changes in epidemiological status or other significant events that were not promptly reported to then Central Bureau............
http://www.oie.int/eng/Session2007/RF2006.pdffull text ;
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2007/10/bse-base-mad-cow-testing-texas-usa-and.htmlhttp://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/NOW, ask yourself why not one single mad cow has been documented in the USA since the Honorable Phyllis Fong of the OIG did the end around Johanns, Dehaven et al ??? found two atypical BSE or BASE cases and they flat shut it down i tell you. IF the OIE gives a favorable rating, IF the OIE gives any other rating but the lowest, poorest possible BSE/TSE rating, the OIE will have sealed there fate once and for all, because most of the world knows the truth about the USA and there mad cows. THE OIE will then be able to stand side by side with the USA, and proudly claim to have sold there soul to the devil, all for a buck, commodities and futures, to hell with human health. A 'CONTROLLED' RATING IS EXACTLY what the OIE will get if that is what they classify the USA as a 'CONTROLLED RATING'. IT will be controlled by Johanns, Dehaven, and GW. IT WILL BE RIGGED in other words. but that is nothing new, it's been rigged for years. ...
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SEE FULL TEXT with facts and sources @ ;Wednesday, June 11, 2008
OIE Recognition of the BSE Status of Members RESOLUTION No. XXI (Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 27 May 2008)
Attachment to Singeltary comment January 28, 2007 Greetings APHIS, I would kindly like to submit the following to ; BSE; MRR; IMPORTATION OF LIVE BOVINES AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM BOVINES [Docket No. APHIS-2006-0041] RIN 0579-AC01 [Federal Register: January 9, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 5)] [Proposed Rules] [Page 1101-1129] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr09ja07-21]
BSE; MRR; IMPORTATION OF LIVE BOVINES AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM BOVINES [Docket No. APHIS-2006-0041] RIN 0579-AC01 Date: January 9, 2007 at 9:08 am PST
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MY personal belief, since you ask, is that not only the Canadian border, but the USA border, and the Mexican border should be sealed up tighter than a drum for exporting there TSE tainted products, until a validated, 100% sensitive test is available, and all animals for human and animal consumption are tested. all we are doing is the exact same thing the UK did with there mad cow poisoning when they exported it all over the globe, all the while knowing what they were doing. this BSE MRR policy is nothing more than a legal tool to do just exactly what the UK did, thanks to the OIE and GW, it's legal now. and they executed Saddam for poisoning ???
go figure....
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&o=09000064801f3412http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8January 28, 2007
Greetings APHIS,
I would kindly like to submit the following to ;
BSE; MRR; IMPORTATION OF LIVE BOVINES AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM BOVINES [Docket No. APHIS-2006-0041] RIN 0579-AC01
[Federal Register: January 9, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 5)] [Proposed Rules] [Page 1101-1129] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr09ja07-21]
[[Page 1101]]
http://docket-aphis-2006-0041.blogspot.com/2008/06/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy.htmlDocket APHIS-2007-0033 Docket Title Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select Agent and Toxin List Docket Type Rulemaking Document APHIS-2007-0033-0001 Document Title Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select Agent and Toxin List Public Submission APHIS-2007-0033-0002.1 Public Submission Title Attachment to Singeltary comment
http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&o=090000648027c28eSunday, December 28, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE USA DECEMBER 28, 2008 an 8 year review of a failed and flawed policy
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/12/mad-cow-disease-usa-december-28-2008-8.htmlSaturday, January 24, 2009
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy h-BSE ATYPICAL USA 2008 Annual Report Research Project: Study of Atypical Bse
Location: Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock
2008 Annual Report
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2009/01/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-h-bse.htmlWednesday, January 28, 2009
TAFS1 Position Paper on BSE in small ruminants (January 2009)
http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2009/01/tafs1-position-paper-on-bse-in-small.html10,000,000+ LBS. of PROHIBITED BANNED MAD COW FEED I.E. MBM IN COMMERCE USA 2007
Date: March 21, 2007 at 2:27 pm PST REASON Blood meal used to make cattle feed was recalled because it was cross-contaminated with prohibited bovine meat and bone meal that had been manufactured on common equipment and labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 42,090 lbs. DISTRIBUTION WI
REASON Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear cautionary BSE statement. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 9,997,976 lbs. DISTRIBUTION ID and NV
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2007/ENF00996.htmlWednesday, January 28, 2009
TAFS1 Position Paper on Specified Risk Materials (January, 2009)
TAFS INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR TRANSMISSIBLE ANIMAL DISEASES AND FOOD SAFETY a non-profit Swiss Foundation
(January 2009)
TAFS1 Position Paper on Specified Risk Materials
http://madcowspontaneousnot.blogspot.com/2009/01/tafs1-position-paper-on-specified-risk.htmlTAFS1 Position Paper on Testing of Cattle for BSE (Revision January 2009)
http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2009/02/tafs1-position-paper-on-testing-of.htmlTuesday, November 11, 2008
Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein
DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080941
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.htmlWednesday, August 20, 2008
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ?
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.htmlIn this context, a word is in order about the US testing program. After the discovery of the first (imported) cow in 2003, the magnitude of testing was much increased, reaching a level of >400,000 tests in 2005 (Figure 4). Neither of the 2 more recently indigenously infected older animals with nonspecific clinical features would have been detected without such testing, and neither would have been identified as atypical without confirmatory Western blots. Despite these facts, surveillance has now been decimated to 40,000 annual tests (USDA news release no. 0255.06, July 20, 2006) and invites the accusation that the United States will never know the true status of its involvement with BSE.
In short, a great deal of further work will need to be done before the phenotypic features and prevalence of atypical BSE are understood. More than a single strain may have been present from the beginning of the epidemic, but this possibility has been overlooked by virtue of the absence of widespread Western blot confirmatory testing of positive screening test results; or these new phenotypes may be found, at least in part, to result from infections at an older age by a typical BSE agent, rather than neonatal infections with new "strains" of BSE. Neither alternative has yet been investigated.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htmCDC DR. PAUL BROWN TSE EXPERT COMMENTS 2006
The U.S. Department of Agriculture was quick to assure the public earlier this week that the third case of mad cow disease did not pose a risk to them, but what federal officials have not acknowledged is that this latest case indicates the deadly disease has been circulating in U.S. herds for at least a decade.
The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA officials were reluctant to verify, was approximately 12 years old.
These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a picture of the disease having been here for 10 years or so, since it is thought that cows usually contract the disease from contaminated feed they consume as calves. The concern is that humans can contract a fatal, incurable, brain-wasting illness from consuming beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen.
"The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."
Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States, said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested positive.
USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven months later, but only at the insistence of the agency's inspector general.
"Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. ...snip...end
http://www.upi.com/CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt ... Dr. Paul Brown is Senior Research Scientist in the Laboratory of Central Nervous System ... Address for correspondence: Paul Brown, Building 36, Room 4A-05, ...
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/brown.htmPAUL BROWN COMMENT TO ME ON THIS ISSUE
Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:10 AM
"Actually, Terry, I have been critical of the USDA handling of the mad cow issue for some years, and with Linda Detwiler and others sent lengthy detailed critiques and recommendations to both the USDA and the Canadian Food Agency."
http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0703&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=8125A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.htmlCommunicated by: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention to the steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded. The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]
http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.htmlhttp://www.promedmail.org/pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:6833194127530602005::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,39963There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.
He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htmhttp://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdfsporadic Fatal Familial Insomnia
http://sporadicffi.blogspot.com/THE PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN
Hardcover, 304 pages plus photos and illustrations. ISBN 0-387-95508-9
June 2003
BY Philip Yam
CHAPTER 14 LAYING ODDS
Answering critics like Terry Singeltary, who feels that the U.S. under- counts CJD, Schonberger conceded that the current surveillance system has errors but stated that most of the errors will be confined to the older population.
http://www.thepathologicalprotein.com/The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 3, Issue 8, Page 463, August 2003
doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00715-1Cite or Link Using DOI
Tracking spongiform encephalopathies in North America
Original TextXavier Bosch
"My name is Terry S Singeltary Sr, and I live in Bacliff, Texas. I lost my mom to hvCJD (Heidenhain variant CJD) and have been searching for answers ever since. What I have found is that we have not been told the truth. CWD in deer and elk is a small portion of a much bigger problem."
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(03)00715-1/fulltexthttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473309903007151/%20fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12906010http://infection.thelancet.com/journal/journal.isaJOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
MARCH 26, 2003
RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease in the United States
Email Terry S. Singeltary:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.netI lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.
Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex
1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. FREE FULL TEXT
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/extract/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=singeltary&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIThttp://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=singeltary&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT2 January 2000 British Medical Journal U.S. Scientist should be concerned with a CJD epidemic in the U.S., as well
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/320/7226/8/b#611715 November 1999 British Medical Journal vCJD in the USA * BSE in U.S.
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7220/1312/b#5406Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/***Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.***
Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center
An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD
April 3, 2008
http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45USA PRION UNIT BLOG
http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/Sunday, April 20, 2008 Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008
Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.
see full text ;
http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.htmlCJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)
http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???
http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.
http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.htmlAttending Dr.: Date / Time Admitted : 12/14/97 1228
UTMB University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas 77555-0543 (409) 772-1238 Fax (409) 772-5683 Pathology Report
FINAL AUTOPSY DIAGNOSIS Autopsy' Office (409)772-2858
FINAL AUTOPSY DIAGNOSIS
I. Brain: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Heidenhain variant.
http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/07/heidenhain-variant-creutzfeldt-jakob.htmlSTANLEY PRUSINER NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER ON THE PRIONUS AG SEC AND LAYCRAFT
"nothing matters, except beef from Canada under 30 months bone in beef product, that's ALL THAT MATTERS!"
US SENATOR AND STAN THE MAN SLAM USDA "DAMNING TESTIMONY"
Senator Michael Machado from California
"USDA does not know what's going on".
"USDA is protecting the industry".
" SHOULD the state of California step in"
Stanley Prusiner
"nobody has ever ask us to comment"
"they don't want us to comment"
"they never ask"
"i tried to see Venemon, after Canadian cow was discovered with BSE. went to see lyle. after talking with him. absolute ignorance. then thought i should see Venemon. it was clear his entire policy was to get cattle boneless beef prods across the border. nothing else mattered. his aids confirmed this. 5 times i tried to see Venemon, never worked. eventually met with carl rove the political. he is the one that arranged meeting with Venemon. just trying to give you a sense of the distance. threat to health public safety. was never contacted. yes i believe that prions are bad to eat and you can die from them. END
Dr. Stan bashing Ann Veneman - 3 minutes - Damning testimony
http://maddeer.org/video/embedded/08snip.ramConsidering the free flow of live cattle and products there of, from Canada to USA and visa versa, it seems fruitless to blame one another on whom has more TSE in their bovine, one or the other. then add in the import of both from the UK, then considering all other species with TSE, you have a smorgasbord of TSE in feed in North America, on both sides of the border. ...TSS
Subject: BSE Canada USA From:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:Karin.Irgens@DYREHELSETILSYNET.NO Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2003 02:23:12 +0200 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (261 lines)
######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> #########
Hello all
Terry Singletary has provided the official US import and export statistics for the USA in 2002 and the first 3 months of 2003, for live cattle and MBM (meat and bone meal)
I have tried to figure out how many 'risk units' (external challenge) the USA has imported from Canada during 2002-2003.
The GBR (geographical BSE risk) assessment-method and criteria of the EU SSC are described in detail in the latest GBR opinion of the EU Scientific Sterring Committee.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out363_en.pdf(See table 5, page 14, for the lists of countries _already_ assessed in category 3 by the EU-SSC. For each country, the SSC defines the first years of periods 'R1' and 'R2'. R2 is the period when BSE risk is _likely_ in a given risk-country. R1 is the period where BSE infection in a risk-country is considered only as "possible". Risks from exports from a risk-country (country assessed in category 3) are considered as 10 times higher in R2-years than in R1-years.)
This latest GBR opinion will have to be revised to include Canada among the "BSE source countries" and determine R1 and R2-years for Canada.
Risks from exports of cattle and MBM in R2-years (from BSE affected countries in category 3) are, according to SSC's methodology: - 0,01 risk unit for each live bovine, (at least for cattle imported "for breeding"). - 0,1 risk unit per ton MBM (meat/bone meal).
"External challenges" from risk imports are classified on a scale from negligible risk, very low, low, moderate, high, very high, extremely high risk. To hope for a category 2-classification, the external challenge from a country's risky imports must not exceed a "moderate" risk (100 risk units) in the whole potential risk period 1980 to 2001.
For the USA, there is no point in trying to determine the first "R1 or R2-years" in Canada, since imports from Canada to the USA _only in 2002_ are more than sufficient to assess the external challenge to the USA as _very_ high. The resulting classification of the USA in category 3 now seems absolutely unavoidable.
1. US imports of MBM from Canada:
In 2002 the USA imported 43.671 tons MBM from Canada. In 2003 (january-march) the USA imported 13.138 tons MBM from Canada. Total for 15 months: 56.809 tons (5.680 risk units).
Average > 45.000 tons/year = average 4.500 risk units/year
If we _assume_ similar quantities of MBM imported from Canada in previous years, this would add up to 6 X 4.500 = 27.000 risk units for the years 1996-2001 (1996 was probably the year of birth of the Albertan BSE-cow).
Total 27.000 + 5.600 = 32.600 risk units for the period 1996 to March 2003 (if this assumption on 'similar' quantities in 1996-2001 holds true)
2. US imports of live cattle from Canada.
According to the media, the USA has imported approx. 9 million live cattle from Canada in the years 1996-2002. According to a 'worst case scenario', if all these 9 million cattle had been imported _for breeding purposes_, this would represent 90.000 risk units. However, this is certainly not the case. Most of these 9.000.000 cattle were probably imported for immediate slaughter, or for a fattening period of a few months before slaughter.
The SSC does not precisely quantify the corresponding risk reduction, but they say (page 15): "... imported animals slaughtered young (e.g. < 18 =" 40" 399 =" 1.024.378" 6 =" 31.788" 788 =" approx" r1=" 1991" href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html">http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html
https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0306&L=BSE-L&P=R21551&X=1ABE7910CF6C11F2D0&Y=flounder9%40verizon.net&m=10864Subject: risk from US exports of cattle and MBM From:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:Karin.Irgens@DYREHELSETILSYNET.NO Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2003 23:10:28 +0200 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (307 lines)
######## Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
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Hello all
Terry has now provided US export figures for 'breeding cattle' for 1999, in addition to export statistics for 2002 that he had already provided. On the basis of US export statistics for 1999 and 2002 for live cattle for breeding, and US export statistics for 2002 and 2003 for meat and bone meal (code 23.01.1000), we could try to calculate external challenge from the USA to importing countries. However, _we dont really know_ the situations in most of these importing countries (at least I dont know...). If live cattle from a BSE-infected country are imported to a country that does not have a rendering system for slaughter waste, there would be no resulting BSE-risk to the importing country. If an importing country decides to exclude waste from imported cattle from rendering, or to BSE-test all imported cattle slaughtered at > 30 months age, the risk will be considerably reduced. Canadian and US cattle exported for breeding in recent years may still be alive in the importing countries, and may now be excluded from rendering.
We dont know if all US exports of meat and bone meal "code 23.01.1000" were "mammalian" MBM or if some of it was poultry meal or MBM derived only from pigs. The same code 23.01.1000 can be used for registrations of exports/imports of mammalian MBM and poultry meal. The EU SSC does not consider poultry meal as a BSE-risk, but each country must prove how much of the imports really were poultry meal. It is possible that some countries, for religious reasons, would accept only MBM not derived from pig waste. If such countries imported only poultry meal, the risk would be very low.
We dont know if all registered US exports were correctly coded. It is possible and probable that some exports were in fact other products that shoud not have been coded as 23.01.1000.
And of course we dont know the final destination of "23.01.1000"-products exported by the US, whether or not the MBM reached cattle through feeding in the importing country.
It is therefore not possible to make any real risk estimate, not knowing what happened in each importing country. For countries already assessed by the SSC, such knowledge may be found in the already publisehd GBR assessments.
Here I can only add up exports from US to each country, and only for years 1999 and 2002 (+ january-march 2003), and roughly calculate the numbers of risk units _if_ these imports really represented a risk to cattle in the importing countries. (see list country list below).
It appears that the countries most at risk from US imports, especially MBM would be Bangladesh, Egypt, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela, Vietnam. Some other countries have imported much lower amounts of US cattle + MBM in 1999 and 2002/2003, but I dont know if these countries have imported similar (or higher) amounts from the USA in previous years.
According to Rev Sci Tech. 2003 Apr;22(1):237-49. Risk management of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Asia - Ozawa Y :
" ...significant quantities of feedstuffs of ruminant origin have been imported into Asia, which may mean that the BSE agent could have reached domestic cattle in most countries... Recycling of BSE through rendering plants is unlikely but cannot be totally excluded in some countries such as the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, Pakistan and Taipei China... "
"...The external challenge has been considerably reduced in recent years as most countries in Asia banned the importation of feedstuffs from _countries with BSE _ ..."
(my comments: but they did not ban MBM from the USA... I think China has the world's largest cattle population...)
quoted from a series of articles on CWD, in 2002 :
http://cfapp.rockymountainnews.com/cwd/killer/" ...the FDA has not imposed the same restrictions on exported MBM. In fact, since the American ban went into effect, annual U.S. exports of MBM have jumped from 291,000 tons to 467,000 tons, a 60 percent increase. American renderers aren't required to warn their foreign customers about feeding ruminant protein -- that rendered from sheep or cattle -- to cattle. However, three large renderers contacted by the News say they label their products that way regardless of the lack of regulations. Denver's National By-Products said it ships its MBM to China and Indonesia in large shipping containers, not in individually marked bags. But it stamps on its bills of lading a warning against feeding the product to ruminants. The stamp is in English. Once American meat and bone meal arrives in the purchasing country, the manufacturer has no further control over how it is labeled, said National By-Products district manager Ken Kage. A spokesman for the USDA and officials with the National Renderers Association say that foreign trade in U.S. MBM is not a problem because there have been no cases of mad cow disease in this country. Some countries importing MBM have had few if any rules concerning its use as cattle feed. Mexico, for example, implemented labeling rules only this year (2002), according to Alberto Celis, the National Renderers Association regional director for Latin America. That was news to many agricultural business people attending an animal feed trade show in Guadalajara in March. Representatives from three animal feed bag manufacturers said they had heard of no such regulations and that their bags remain warning free. Mexico exports over a million live cattle a year to the United States. Mexican cattlemen said these "feeder" cows are not typically fed animal protein, though there is little evidence that the government has an adequate inspection program to make certain. Mexican government officials responded that MBM rules were promulgated last summer, and that they will be vigorously enforced. They said Mexico stopped importing MBM from countries with a BSE problem in 1991 and that there are no known cases of BSE in the country. The World Health Organization says Mexico's experience with American MBM is reflected throughout the world. The United Nations agency was "concerned that some countries which received (MBM) materials do not have surveillance systems to detect the disease in animals or the human population," said WHO's Dr. Maura Ricketts at a news conference in December 2000. She said once the MBM leaves one country, it begins a "murky movement" that is almost impossible to track. Taking heed of such warnings, the European Union (EU) decided that the risk to public health was too great even if an importing country insisted that it would use MBM only as poultry feed -- which, along with pet food, is its major use in the U.S. The EU adopted the ban of all exports of MBM in 2000. Instead of adopting a similar policy, the USDA saw the ban as a golden opportunity. "Importing countries of EU MBM may be forced to seek alternative suppliers of animal protein meals, such as the United States," said a December 2000 report by the USDA. "The United States should be well positioned to take advantage of that situation to increase its own exports of MBM." And it has. Render, the magazine of the National Renderers Association, noted in its April issue that exports of many products were under competitive pressure from vegetable oils. But it noted "a bright spot is meat and bone meal exports that continue to increase." The chief foreign markets for American MBM, in order of sales amounts, were Indonesia, Mexico, Egypt, China, Canada, Thailand, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Venezuela. In 1998, Egypt imported 96,000 metric tons of MBM from the EU, and only 3,100 metric tons from the U.S. By 2001, the U.S dominated the Egyptian market, selling over 73,000 metric tons..."
(r.u = risk unit) (2003 = US exports of "23.01.1000"-products in the period January through March 2003)
Argentina 1999: 9 cattle for breeding (0,09 r.u.)
Australia 1999: 81 breeding cattle from USA (0,8 risk units) 2003: 5 tons MBM from USA (0,5 r.u.)
Bangladesh 2003: 2.217 tons MBM 2002: 12.630 tons MBM (1.484 r.u)
Belize: 2002: 27 cattle for breeding (0,27 r.u.)
Brazil 1999: 440 breeding cattle 2002: 134 breeding cattle (5,7 r.u.) 2002: 12 tons MBM 2003: 12 tons MBM (2,4 r.u.)
China 1999: 84 breeding cattle 2002: 40 + 190 + 26 breeding cattle (2,8 r.u.) 2002: 104.784 tons MBM 2003: 19.552 tons MBM (12.433 r.u)
Colombia 1999: 251 cattle for breeding 2002: 2.363 cattle for breeding (26 r.u.) 2002: 882 tons MBM 2003: 80 tons MBM (96 r.u.)
Colombia has > 100 r.u. from recent imports from the USA. Colombia was previously assessed in category II and might now be re-assessed in category III, unless there is proof that the additional external challenge from USA did not reach Colombian cattle.
Costa Rica 2002: 19 cattle for breeding (0,19 r.u.)
Dominican Republic: 1999: 45 cattle for breeding 2002: 220 cattle for breeding (2, 65 r.u.) 2003: 77 tons MBM (7,7 r.u.)
Ecuador 1999: 120 cattle for breeding (1,2 r.u.) 2002: 14 tons MBM (1,4 r.u.)
Egypt: 2002: 104.408 tons MBM 2003: 15.796 tons MBM (12.019 r.u.) Egypt would already have a high external challenge from previous imports from Europe.
Ghana: 2003: 41 tons MBM (4,1 r.u.)
Guatemala 1999: 23 cattle for breeding 2002: 26 cattle for breeding (0,49 r.u.)
Honduras 2002: 51 cattle for breeding (0,51 r.u.)
Hong Kong: 2002: 41 tons MBM 2003: 61 tons MBM (10 r.u.)
Indonesia 2002: 148.558 tons MBM 2003: 36.999 tons MBM (18.555 r.u.) (according to various figures from newspapers, Indonesia would prevously have been a major importer of British MBM)
Korea, South 1999: 248 cattle for breeding (2, 48 r.u.) 2002: 262 tons MBM (26 r.u.)
Lebanon 1999: 2.228 cattle for breeding (22, 3 r.u.)
Malaysia 2002: 7 cattle for breeding (0,07 r.u.) 2002: 12.646 tons MBM 2003: 2.209 tons MBM (1485 r.u.)
Mexico 1999: 8.780 cattle for breeding 2002: 10.888 cattle for breeding (196 r.u.) 2002: 93.685 other cattle ?? 2002: 62.204 tons MBM 2003: 14.756 tons MBM (7.696 r.u.)
New Zealand 2002: 21 tons MBM (2,1 r.u.)
Niger 2002: 57 tons MBM (5,7 r.u.)
Panama 1999: 17 cattle for breeding 2002: 59 cattle for breeding (0,76 r.u.) 2002: 172 tons MBM 2003: 57 tons MBM (23 r.u.) Panama, previously assessed in category I, might have 23 additonal risk units from recent US imports, and might be re-assessed in category II if this could have reached cattle.
Pakistan 1999: 11 cattle for breeding (0,11 r.u.)
Philippines 2002: 5.585 tons MBM 2003: 1.215 tons MBM (680 r.u.)
Russia: 2002: 390 tons MBM 2003: 1.520 tons MBM (191 r.u.) Russia would probably already be at risk from imports from EU and/or east-European countries.
Saudi Arabia 1999: 884 cattle for breeding (8, 84 r.u.)
Singapore 2003: 4 tons MBM (0, 4 r.u.)
South Africa: 2002: 40 tons MBM (4 r.u.)
Sri Lanka 2002: 351 tons MBM (35 r.u.)
Suriname 2002: 45 cattle for breeding (0,45 r.u.)
Taiwan 2002: 12.421 tons MBM 2003: 1.719 tons MBM (1.414 r.u.)
Thailand 2002: 36.476 tons MBM 2003: 7.314 tons MBM (4.379 r.u.)
United Arab Emirates 2003: 39 tons MBM (3,9 r.u.)
Uruguay: 1999: 7 cattle for breeding (0,07 r.u.)
Venezuela 1999: 473 cattle for breeding 2002: 169 cattle for breeding (6, 4 r.u.) 2002: 1.998 tons MBM (199 r.u.)
Vietnam 2002: 7.618 tons MBM 2003: 2.229 tons MBM (1.048 r.u.)
Best regards Karin Irgens
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Hello all
Concerning the introduction of testing of all fallen stock in Canada, Robert wrote:
"...What is the scientific basis for the movement? So far, vastly more cases of BSE have been found by clinical referral than by any other testing program."
This is not quite true, at least not since 2001. Of course, historically, most BSE-cases (1986-2003) have been found by clinical referral, in the UK. But before the second semester 2001, there was almost no active surveillance in the UK, and before 1999, there was no EU-validated rapid test method available. Active surveillance with the Prionics test startet in 1999 in Switzerland, then in France in the summer of 2000, then started in _all_ EU countries in January 2001. Three validated methods are used in the EU: Prionics, Biorad and Enfer.
In 2001, when active suveillance started late in the UK, only 375 BSE-positive cattle were found in the UK by rapid tests, while 781 cases were found among clincal suspects. In 2002, when UK active surveillance started in January, 613 BSE-positive were found by active surveillance in the UK - and "only" 467 cases were confirmed among clinical suspects.
In 2001, 2.126 BSE-positive cattle were found in the EU, of which 1.086 were clinical cases. Most clinical cases (781) were found in the UK.
In 2002, 2.081 BSE-positive cattle were found in the EU, of which 673 were clinical cases (467 of which were UK cases) - and 1.408 were found by active surveillance. As the numbers of clinical cases continue to decrease, the relative % of detection by active surveillance increases.
In 2002, 51 % of cases (total all EU countries) were detected by active surveillance of 'risk cattle', and 13 % by active surveillance of clinically normal cattle.
see Monthly reports of Member States on BSE and Scrapie (updated)
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/testing/bse_results_en.htmlThe % of confirmed positive among clinical suspects is very different among EU countries. It is highest in the UK (60%) much lower in Spain, Ireland, France (around 20%) and even lower in Germany, Netherlands, Belgium (around 2-5%)
In some countries, the vast majority of BSE-positive cattle are detected by active surveillance. Some examples: - Denmark had no clinical case in 2002, but detected 2 BSE-positive among 33.116 risk cattle and one positive among 239.900 clinically normal cattle. - the Netherlands found one clinical case in 2002, and 23 positive by active surveillance. - Belgium had 5 clinical cases in 2002, and 33 BSE-positive detected by active surveillance (16 among 37.929 risk cattle and 17 among 408.934 clinically normal) - Germany found 11 clinical cases and 92 BSE-positive by active surveillance (50 among 257.940 risk cattle, and 42 among 2.758.351 clinically normal)
Passive surveillance seems to give the best results in countries where BSE prevalence is highest and in countries whith the earliest detections of BSE (UK 1986, Ireland 1989, France 1991). If Canada and the USA have a low or very low BSE-prevalence, I would expect active surveillance to be the most efficient.
- Austria and Finland found no BSE in 2002. Their first and only BSE cases were discovered in 2001 by active surveillance. Had Finland not tested risk animals, they would have found nothing. Had Austria not tested clinically normal cattle, they would not have detected the first and only Austrian case. The level of active surveillance has notably increased since 2001, but no more positive cattle have been detected either in Austria or Finland.
One might wonder how many sub-clinical positive cases would have been detected in the UK before 2001, if rapid tests for active surveillance had been available in the early BSE-years. The last estimations by Donnelly et al. indicate that the total number of infected UK cattle could have been closer to 2 million than to ½ or one million in previous estimates. Most of approx 180.000 detected cases were found by passive clinical surveillance, and of course most UK-cases occurred long before active surveillance started.
In 2002, over 10 million cattle were tested for BSE in all EU countries. Over 9 million of these were clinically normal cattle > 30 months (or, in some countries, > 24 months ... France, Germany).
The following "risk cattle"populations (> 24 months) were tested in 2002 (all EU contries): - 981.910 "fallen stock" (dead on farm) - 182.873 "emergency slaughter" (comparable to "downer cattle") - 70.557 "selected at ante-morten control", for various states of disease or general condition disorders - 57.601 age cohort cattle and offspring, from farms where BSE had been detected.
(the total EU adult cattle population (>24 months) is approx 40 million, comparable to the total adult cattle population in the US. )
- Only 2.558 defined as 'clinically suspect' cattle were tested, but in fact clinical suspects cannot always be clearly differentiated from fallen stock and other risk cattle. Investigations in France have shown that many "fallen" or emergency slaughtered cattle had presented symptoms compatible with BSE before death or slaughter.
The results in different risk groups (all EU countries) in 2002 are: - 510 positive among 182.873 emergency slaghtered (ratio 27, 89 + per 10.000 tested) - 607 positive among 981.910 "fallen stock" (6, 18 + per 10.000 tested) - 25 positive among 70.557 "selected at ante-mortem control" (3, 54 + per 10.000 tested) - 17 positive among 57.601 cohort animals/offspring from BSE-farms (2, 95 + per 10,000).
- 287 positive among 9.087.901 healthy cattle (0,32 per 10.000 tested)
Clearly, testing of healthy cattle is the least efficient per number tested. However, it should be noted that Germany and France test all cattle older than 24 months at slaughter, and there are many cattle slaughtered at 24-29 months. Efficiency would increase if the age limit for testing of "healthy" cattle was set higher (> 3 or 4 years). It should be noted that the group "selected at ante-mortem control" is _not_ selected because of neurological symptoms but for 'any reason' of loss of condition (loss of weight, diarrhea, reduced milk production ... etc...) Even so, this group has a higher positivity ratio than age cohort animals culled in BSE-eradications schemes.
When Canada has tested a few hundred cattle from the Alberta cow's _last_ herd of residence with negative results, this is not at all surprising, especially if the cow had lived there only 1 or 3 (?) years !) If Canada culls and tests a few thousand cattle from several quarantined farms, with negative results, the negative results will prove nothing:
Belgium, Denmark, Italy and the Netherlands found no positive among total 12.829 tested culled cohort/offspring cattle in 2002. Germany found 3 positive among 2.629 - Spain found 6 positive among 5.473 - France found 3 positive among 15.881, Ireland 4+ out of 18.659 and Portugal 1 + out of 1.163.
The % positive among clinically healthy cattle tested in 2002 was highest in Portugal (5,7 per 10.000) - and lowest in Denmark (0, 04 per 10.000) (the UK tests very few cattle in this group, because cattle > 30 months are not allowed into the British food chain. If the UK decides to allow consumption of cattle > 30 months, they will have to test this group.)
The % positive among fallen stock was highest in Portugal (57, 5 per 10.000) and Ireland (24 per 10,000) and lowest in Denmark (0,48 per 10.000)
The % positive among emergency slaughtered was highest in the UK (35,5 per 10,000) and Ireland (20,9 per 10.000).
The % positive among "cattle selected at ante-mortem control" was highest in Spain (71 per 10.000) and the UK (38 per 10.000).
I would recommend that both Canada _and the USA_ start testing all emergency slaughtered (downer) adult cattle immediately, and require testing of "as many as possible" of fallen stock as soon as possible (sampling of fallen stock would take some time to organise). I would also recommend testing as many as possible of adult cattle selected at ante-mortem control and healthy cattle > 3-4 years, starting with cattle > 4 years.
Considering the extensive trade of live cattle and MBM beteween Canada and the USA, it does not seem credible today that only Canada would be BSE-infected and not the USA. The USA have imported around 10 million Canadian cattle during the last 13 years. These 10 million would have been rendered in the USA, and would represent 100.000 risk units (according to the latest GBR opinion of the EU SSC of january 11th 2002). 10.000 risk units is a very high external challenge. What makes it even worse is that the systems in North America are very unstable, with few precautionary measures in place to avoid amplification and propagation of TSE/BSE. US and Canadian MBM still contain SRM, and heat treatment is below standard, with low efficiency for TSE-inactivation (unless rendering parameters have been notably increased since 2000 ?). The RMBM ban introduced in Canada and the USA in 1997 was an incomplete ban and as long as there is no requirement for complete separation of plants producing feeds for ruminants, cross contaminations are unavoidable. Cross contaminations were a big problem in EU-countries before January 2001 when the total ban on all animal proteins to all foood producing species was decided. At least 44.000 'BAB-cases' (born after the ban) were born in the UK after July 1988, the first (incomplete) feed ban. Hundreds of BSE-cases were born in other EU countries after their first (incomplete) feed bans.
The idea of a "one case-one herd" also seems very unrealistic at the present time in Canada/USA. It might have been more credible had the USA/Canada had > 2 years of high level active surveillance like Austria and Finland, and an optimally stable rendering-feeding system. Today, North America lacks both.
Best regards
Karin Irgens
-----Opprinnelig melding----- Fra: Robert A. LaBudde [SMTP:ral@LCFLTD.COM] Sendt: 1. juni 2003 20:31 Til:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de Emne: Re: BSE-CWD-canada
There is a strong movement here to encourage the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) to introduce testing on all fallen stock using EU-style pre-clinical test. So far the rate is similar to the USA- a sample of fallen cases are taken. And none as far as I am aware from animals destined for human food.
What is the scientific basis for the movement? So far, vastly more cases of BSE have been found by clinical referral than by any other testing program.
Robert A. LaBudde, PhD, PAS, Dpl. ACAFS e-mail:
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http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############
https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0306&L=BSE-L&P=R1740&X=1ABE7910CF6C11F2D0&Y=flounder9%40verizon.net&m=10864UK EXPORTS OF MBM TO WORLD
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab05.pdfOTHERS
BEEF AND VEAL
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11f/tab08.pdfhttp://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11f/tab09.pdfhttp://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11f/tab10.pdfLIVE CATTLE
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11f/tab11.pdfFATS
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab01.pdfEMBRYOS
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab03.pdfGELATIN ETC
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab02.pdfSEMEN
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab04.pdfMEAT
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11g/tab05.pdfCANADA
http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/efsa_scientific_reports/gbr_assessments/scr_annexes/563/sr02_biohaz02_canada_report_annex_en1.pdfUSA
http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/efsa_scientific_reports/gbr_assessments/scr_annexes/574/sr03_biohaz02_usa_report_annex_en1.pdfMEXICO
http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/efsa_scientific_reports/gbr_assessments/scr_annexes/566/sr04_biohaz02_mexico_report_annex_en1.pdfWednesday, April 16, 2008
MBM, greaves, meat offal, live cattle, imports from UK to USA vs Canada "Three of four possible manufacturers supplying a protein supplement likely fed to the animal could have included meat and bone meal (MBM) as an ingredient in its formulation. One of these manufacturers was able to confirm usage of meat and bone meal in supplements and confirm a source of MBM to be one common to previous BSE investigations."
USA AND CANADA IMPORTS OF UK CATTLE BETWEEN 1981 - 1989
USA = 496
CANADA = 198
*add 14 to 198 as last UK import to Canada, 14 in 1990
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/ahra/bseris/bserise.pdfHERE is another look at all the imports for both the USA and Canada of UK live cattle and greaves exports ;
UK Exports of Live Cattle by Value 1986-96
USA 697 LIVE CATTLE
CANADA 299 LIVE CATTLE
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11f/tab11.pdfUK TABLE of Exports of meal of meat and meat offal; greaves 1979 - 1995
USA 24 TONS
CANADA 83 TONS
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m12/tab12.pdfHOWEVER, my files show 44 tons of greaves for USA. ...TSS
Subject: Re: exports from the U.K. of it's MBM to U.S.???
From:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:S.J.Pearsall@esg.maff.gsi.gov.ukDate: Tue, 8 Feb 2000 14:03:16 +0000
To:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@wt.net (Receipt Notification Requested) (Non Receipt Notification Requested)
Terry
Meat and bonemeal is not specifically classified for overseas trade purposes. The nearest equivalent is listed as flours and meals of meat or offals (including tankage), unfit for human consumption; greaves. UK exports of this to the US are listed below:
Country Tonnes
1980 1981 12 1982 1983 1984 10 1985 2 1986 1987 1988 1989 20 1990
Data for exports between 1975 and 1979 are not readily available. These can be obtained (at a charge) from data retailers appointed by HM Customs and Excise: BTSL (Tel: 01372 463121) or Abacus (01245 252222). Best wishes Simon Pearsall Overseas trade statistics Stats (C&F)C
============ END...TSS...2008============
P04.27
Experimental BSE Infection of Non-human Primates: Efficacy of the Oral Route
Holznagel, E1; Yutzy, B1; Deslys, J-P2; Lasmézas, C2; Pocchiari, M3; Ingrosso, L3; Bierke, P4; Schulz-Schaeffer, W5; Motzkus, D6; Hunsmann, G6; Löwer, J1 1Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany; 2Commissariat à l´Energie Atomique, France; 3Instituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy; 4Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease control, Sweden; 5Georg August University, Germany; 6German Primate Center, Germany
Background:
In 2001, a study was initiated in primates to assess the risk for humans to contract BSE through contaminated food. For this purpose, BSE brain was titrated in cynomolgus monkeys.
Aims:
The primary objective is the determination of the minimal infectious dose (MID50) for oral exposure to BSE in a simian model, and, by in doing this, to assess the risk for humans. Secondly, we aimed at examining the course of the disease to identify possible biomarkers.
Methods:
Groups with six monkeys each were orally dosed with lowering amounts of BSE brain: 16g, 5g, 0.5g, 0.05g, and 0.005g. In a second titration study, animals were intracerebrally (i.c.) dosed (50, 5, 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mg).
Results:
In an ongoing study, a considerable number of high-dosed macaques already developed simian vCJD upon oral or intracerebral exposure or are at the onset of the clinical phase. However, there are differences in the clinical course between orally and intracerebrally infected animals that may influence the detection of biomarkers.
Conclusions:
Simian vCJD can be easily triggered in cynomolgus monkeys on the oral route using less than 5 g BSE brain homogenate. The difference in the incubation period between 5 g oral and 5 mg i.c. is only 1 year (5 years versus 4 years). However, there are rapid progressors among orally dosed monkeys that develop simian vCJD as fast as intracerebrally inoculated animals.
The work referenced was performed in partial fulfilment of the study “BSE in primates“ supported by the EU (QLK1-2002-01096).
http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdflook at the table and you'll see that as little as 1 mg (or 0.001 gm) caused 7% (1 of 14) of the cows to come down with BSE;
Risk of oral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in primates
Corinne Ida Lasmézas, Emmanuel Comoy, Stephen Hawkins, Christian Herzog, Franck Mouthon, Timm Konold, Frédéric Auvré, Evelyne Correia, Nathalie Lescoutra-Etchegaray, Nicole Salès, Gerald Wells, Paul Brown, Jean-Philippe Deslys Summary The uncertain extent of human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)--which can lead to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)--is compounded by incomplete knowledge about the efficiency of oral infection and the magnitude of any bovine-to-human biological barrier to transmission. We therefore investigated oral transmission of BSE to non-human primates. We gave two macaques a 5 g oral dose of brain homogenate from a BSE-infected cow. One macaque developed vCJD-like neurological disease 60 months after exposure, whereas the other remained free of disease at 76 months. On the basis of these findings and data from other studies, we made a preliminary estimate of the food exposure risk for man, which provides additional assurance that existing public health measures can prevent transmission of BSE to man.
snip...
BSE bovine brain inoculum
100 g 10 g 5 g 1 g 100 mg 10 mg 1 mg 0·1 mg 0·01 mg
Primate (oral route)* 1/2 (50%)
Cattle (oral route)* 10/10 (100%) 7/9 (78%) 7/10 (70%) 3/15 (20%) 1/15 (7%) 1/15 (7%)
RIII mice (ic ip route)* 17/18 (94%) 15/17 (88%) 1/14 (7%)
PrPres biochemical detection
The comparison is made on the basis of calibration of the bovine inoculum used in our study with primates against a bovine brain inoculum with a similar PrPres concentration that was
inoculated into mice and cattle.8 *Data are number of animals positive/number of animals surviving at the time of clinical onset of disease in the first positive animal (%). The accuracy of
bioassays is generally judged to be about plus or minus 1 log. ic ip=intracerebral and intraperitoneal.
Table 1: Comparison of transmission rates in primates and cattle infected orally with similar BSE brain inocula
Published online January 27, 2005
http://www.thelancet.com/journal/journal.isaIt is clear that the designing scientists must
also have shared Mr Bradley’s surprise at the results because all the dose
levels right down to 1 gram triggered infection.
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s145d.pdf6. It also appears to me that Mr Bradley’s answer (that it would take less than say 100 grams) was probably given with the benefit of hindsight; particularly if one considers that later in the same answer Mr Bradley expresses his surprise that it could take as little of 1 gram of brain to cause BSE by the oral route within the same species. This information did not become available until the "attack rate"
experiment had been completed in 1995/96. This was a titration experiment designed to ascertain the infective dose. A range of dosages was used to ensure that the actual result was within both a lower and an upper limit within the study and the designing scientists would not have expected all the dose levels to trigger infection. The dose ranges chosen by the most informed scientists at that time ranged from 1 gram to three times one hundred grams. It is clear that the designing scientists must have also shared Mr Bradley’s surprise at the results because all the dose levels right down to 1 gram triggered infection.
http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s147f.pdfhttp://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/04/mbm-greaves-meat-offal-live-cattle.htmlWHAT ABOUT ALL THOSE USDA CERTIFIED BOVINE BRAINS, SWEATBREADS, AND OTHER SRMs THAT WERE NEVER TESTED FOR MAD COW DISEASE FOR EXPORT
Subject: US EXPORTS TO MEXICO BOVINE BRAINS, GREAVES, MBM AND GUT
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <
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Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
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Date: Fri, 23 Apr 2004 21:59:30 -0500 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (395 lines)
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Greetings list members,
I thought some of you might be interested in these US Exports to Mexico and a few other places. Someone I know sent them to me. They purchased a disk from;
US Dept of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration US Census Bureau Washington, DC 20233
US Exports of Merchandise - V1-F02-ER12-09-US1 for Dec/02 and end of year (YTD) - Issued on Feb/03 and US Exports of Merchandise -V1-F03-ER12-09-US1 for Dec/03 and end of year (YTD) - Issued on Feb/04,
BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN (0206290030) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 57,279 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 56,132 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 161,158 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 210,728 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
==========================================
FLOUR MEAL & PELLET MEAT/MEAT OFFAL INEDIB; GREAVE (2301100000) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Tons
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 5,567 0 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 1,717,811 0
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 60,926 650 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 17,360,988 217,375
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
=============================================
GUT/BLADDER/STOMACH ANMLS NESOI FOR SAUSAGE CASING (0504000040) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 77,550 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 208,432 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 663,567 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 1,562,364 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
==========================================
GUTS, BLDRS & STMCHS OF ANMLS, FRZN BEEF TRIPE (0504000050) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 6,017,552 0 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 13,207,893 0
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 85,275,138 171,405 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 196,185,903 152,991
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
===========================================
GUTS, BLDRS & STMCHS OF ANMLS, FRZN BEEF INTESTINS (0504000070) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 156,025 74,934 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 218,661 101,304
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 927,030 115,434 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 910,287 116,896
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
==============================================
GUTS, BLDRS & STMCHS OF ANMLS, FRZN PORK INTESTINS (0504000080) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 1,636,106 18,371 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 2,034,146 28,350
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 6,939,838 105,301 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 8,837,022 153,486
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
==============================================
GUTS, BLDRS & STMCHS OF ANMLS, OTHER (0504000090) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 1,429,927 149,869 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 1,577,465 201,464
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 15,116,437 438,379 Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 0 F.A.S. Export Value 16,914,358 567,576
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 43,907 0 Shipping Weight 85,020 0
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 0 Shipping Weight 0 0
============================================
POWDER AND WASTE OF BONES AND HORN-CORES, NESOI (0506900000) Exports To Mexico Unit of Quantity-Kilograms
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 0 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
U.S. Exports Of Merchandise For The Year Through December, 2003 Domestic Exports Foreign Exports Exports by 1st Unit of Quantity 9,251 N/A Exports by 2nd Unit of Quantity 0 N/A F.A.S. Export Value 26,849 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY VESSEL F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
SHIPMENTS BY AIR F.A.S. Export Value 0 N/A Shipping Weight 0 N/A
===============================================
U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4/15/2004 11:08 R_mbm VALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS COMMODITIES EXPORTED AND AREA/COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE 01/2003-02/2003 01/2004-02/2004 01/2003-02/2003 01/2004-02/2004 Feb-03 Feb-04 Feb-03 Feb-04 Meat and Bone Meal; Expor MT North America Canada 1220 8,810 890 2,162,692 346,385 4,467 854 1,059,779 333,085 Mexico 2010 10,561 3,815 2,868,905 1,522,964 4,764 1,971 1,210,675 832,854 Total 19,371 4,705 5,031,597 1,869,349 9,231 2,825 2,270,454 1,165,939 Caribbean Bahamas; The 2360 0 22 0 7,875 0 0 0 0 Dominican Republic 2470 19 38 48,384 101,112 19 19 48,384 50,556 Total 19 60 48,384 108,987 19 19 48,384 50,556 Central America Panama 2250 57 19 147,031 52,392 38 19 98,497 52,392 Total 57 19 147,031 52,392 38 19 98,497 52,392 South America Colombia 3010 38 22 86,448 35,629 19 22 43,224 35,629 Guyana 3120 17 0 7,385 0 17 0 7,385 0 Ecuador 3310 0 5 0 16,380 0 0 0 0 Chile 3370 0 12 0 25,310 0 0 0 0 Brazil 3510 12 0 23,088 0 0 0 0 0 Total 67 39 116,921 77,319 36 22 50,609 35,629 European Union United Kingdom 4120 383 420 107,897 35,721 0 366 0 16,436 Netherlands 4210 114 412 187,353 297,626 114 206 187,353 149,660 Total 497 832 295,250 333,347 114 572 187,353 166,096 Former Soviet Union Russian Federation 4621 741 150 165,409 46,032 499 0 110,409 0 Total 741 150 165,409 46,032 499 0 110,409 0 Eastern Europe Poland 4550 19 0 31,410 0 0 0 0 0 Total 19 0 31,410 0 0 0 0 0 Middle East United Arab Emirates 5200 39 0 24,280 0 39 0 24,280 0 Total 39 0 24,280 0 39 0 24,280 0 North Africa Egypt 7290 12,792 0 4,471,388 0 5,264 0 1,449,657 0 Total 12,792 0 4,471,388 0 5,264 0 1,449,657 0 South Asia Bangladesh 5380 982 4,156 385,745 869,273 662 2,338 257,545 443,197 Total 982 4,156 385,745 869,273 662 2,338 257,545 443,197 Other Asia Thailand 5490 5,455 300 1,306,906 120,630 2,085 300 516,845 120,630 Vietnam 5520 1,924 0 454,867 0 205 0 51,450 0 Malaysia 5570 1,346 18 444,838 18,603 580 18 170,585 18,603 Singapore 5590 4 0 9,944 0 4 0 9,944 0 Indonesia 5600 24,576 2,966 6,114,968 976,554 15,542 1,391 4,116,862 470,794 Philippines 5650 882 307 336,374 166,350 343 99 145,196 46,000 China; Peoples Republic of 5700 13,889 21 3,454,707 11,422 8,344 0 2,113,007 0 Hong Kong 5820 61 0 14,881 0 0 0 0 0 Taiwan 5830 1,458 15 504,930 33,920 765 15 342,030 33,920 Japan 5880 221 354 119,336 198,677 221 354 119,336 198,677 Total 49,816 3,981 12,761,751 1,526,156 28,089 2,177 7,585,255 888,624 Oceania Australia 6020 5 0 4,242 0 5 0 4,242 0 Total 5 0 4,242 0 5 0 4,242 0 Grand Total 84,405 13,942 23,483,408 4,882,855 43,996 7,972 12,086,685 2,802,433 COMMODITY AGGREGATES/GROUPS AND MEMBER CODES Meat and Bone Meal, Exports X2301100000 FLR ML&MT OF PL
snip...
ALSO, USA Import/Export;
http://www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/tradecurrent.htmlTSS
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https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0404&L=BSE-L&P=R22892&X=1D927E3018D42C6025&Y=flounder9%40verizon.netSubject: USA December 2004 Exports BOVINE STATS BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:flounder@WT.NET>
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE> Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2005 16:21:28 -0500 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (351 lines)
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 37,727 33 363,222 344 Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 581,872 418 7,564,955 5,685 Angola 0 0 211,527 46 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 0 0 22,682 60 China 0 0 49,887 36 Colombia 0 0 22,657 28 Gabon 0 0 24,947 11 Hong Kong 0 0 24,494 45 Indonesia 400,639 261 4,420,683 2,747 Italy 0 0 24,494 20 Korea 0 0 124,089 71 Mexico 181,233 157 2,494,078 2,517 Poland 0 0 47,359 20 Russia 0 0 98,058 85
0206290020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 303,293 175 3,009,780 1,684 Angola 0 0 60,075 15 Bahamas 0 0 11,431 8 Cayman Islands 0 0 4,450 10 China 0 0 48,988 26 Gabon 48,200 15 489,329 206 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 26 Indonesia 0 0 47,174 17 Ivory Coast 188,414 96 1,694,772 959 Jamaica 10,546 5 78,933 37 Mexico 56,133 59 203,788 204 Moldova 0 0 295,091 166 Romania 0 0 26,761 10
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 95,209 83 Bulgaria 0 0 25,243 22 Ghana 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 69,859 58 Netherlands 0 0 107 4
0206290050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,389,825 2,709 7,355,294 13,917 Bahamas 0 0 40,000 5 Mexico 1,386,800 2,706 7,293,673 13,895 Montserrat 0 0 18,596 15 Namibia 3,025 3 3,025 3
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 2,386,597 2,913 22,701,393 25,320 Antigua Barbuda 2,141 6 3,162 11 Argentina 590 4 1,044 7 Aruba 1,000 4 1,476 10 Bahamas 0 0 117,929 184 Bulgaria 0 0 315,543 301 Canada 337,392 255 3,544,821 3,347 Cayman Islands 0 0 5,350 21 China 0 0 22,185 37 Colombia 0 0 24,127 36 Cyprus 0 0 25,052 20 Denmark 0 0 46,416 25 Dominican Republic 0 0 24,086 16 Egypt 0 0 145 3 Gabon 96,208 92 316,411 271 Germany 0 0 2,545,197 554 Greece 0 0 190,564 146 Guatemala 0 0 117,362 197 Haiti 0 0 13,125 25
Haiti 0 0 13,125 25 Honduras 23,940 34 23,940 34 Hong Kong 0 0 48,343 130 Indonesia 7,470 9 640,472 249 Italy 0 0 47,849 38 Ivory Coast 192,410 184 1,133,273 1,012 Jamaica 80,703 54 124,514 86 Japan 25,094 53 432,608 2,659 Korea 0 0 23,596 25 Malaysia 97,997 48 457,516 203 Mexico 1,376,419 1,977 9,425,957 13,261 Netherlands 20,229 20 245,555 129 New Zealand 0 0 0 0 Panama 23,399 44 161,425 117 Philippines 0 0 22,184 39 Poland 0 0 805,355 477 Romania 48,988 33 1,294,879 1,191 Senegal 0 0 52,909 103 Singapore 0 0 728 3 Spain 0 0 202 4 St Christopher-Nevis 0 0 1,020 3 St Lucia 0 0 5,313 8 Switzerland 0 0 6,506 35 Taiwan 46,920 86 97,268 127 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 38,102 84 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,697 9 6,082 13 United Kingdom 0 0 291,303 76 Uruguay 0 0 499 4
http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020629.html0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 149,260 308 1,312,166 2,933 Bahamas 2,174 3 6,710 6 Canada 15,265 14 115,659 129 Cayman Islands 0 0 1,312 5 China 48,988 44 48,988 44 Egypt 0 0 27,654 81 Gabon 0 0 97,462 80 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 30 Indonesia 0 0 38,000 33 Ivory Coast 0 0 127,000 108 Kuwait 0 0 12,487 36 Mexico 82,833 247 667,881 2,070 Philippines 0 0 26,797 88 Taiwan 0 0 43,544 30 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 1,907 3 United Arab Emirates 0 0 47,777 190
http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020610.html0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 432,185 755 3,479,807 6,127 Bangladesh 23,623 38 47,380 77 Honduras 15,163 28 17,105 31 Hong Kong 0 0 47,151 86 Indonesia 0 0 83,245 193 Japan 0 0 25,697 57 Kazakhstan 0 0 145,001 175 Mexico 368,562 638 3,046,441 5,384 Nicaragua 6,537 13 6,537 13 Philippines 18,300 38 61,250 111
http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020621.html0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 5,712,394 4,115 55,278,021 38,020 Albania 0 0 74,863 45 Angola 24,677 22 888,634 430 Antigua Barbuda 2,682 3 5,111 5 Azerbaijan 97,471 45 633,575 324 Bahamas 1,836 3 10,561 8 Belarus 0 0 355,818 130 Belgium 488,886 295 2,998,386 1,265 Bulgaria 0 0 355,234 310 Canada 18,416 49 372,057 910 Dominican Republic 0 0 13,599 7 Ecuador 0 0 8,378 5 France 0 0 92,361 29 Georgia 0 0 243,876 170 Germany 609,187 323 2,104,312 908 Greece 0 0 149,205 87 Guatemala 0 0 19,962 11 Honduras 65,432 30 196,264 104 India 0 0 67,491 55 Indonesia 769,971 1,139 4,495,414 7,077 Iraq 0 0 48,984 21 Italy 0 0 9,002 12 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,701 8 Jamaica 170,782 137 170,782 137 Kazakhstan 0 0 868,130 762 Korea 0 0 23,593 17 Kuwait 0 0 1,560 7 Latvia 0 0 577,885 166 Liberia 0 0 24,950 16 Liechtenstein 0 0 24,369 11 Lithuania 0 0 996,660 552 Madagascar 0 0 24,494 10 Mali 0 0 49,211 40 Mexico 264,561 131 5,094,330 5,868 Moldova 249,107 125 2,743,394 1,314 Mozambique 0 0 24,093 17 Netherlands 0 0 49,520 26 Nicaragua 31,131 19 48,335 25 Philippines 24,504 14 97,948 156 Poland 1,553,201 953 23,262,526 13,113 Romania 0 0 199,072 121 Russia 0 0 544,267 225 Saudi Arabia 70,805 88 243,230 381 Senegal 0 0 285,311 302 Turkey 884,029 496 1,733,636 881 Ukraine 0 0 244,559 132 United Kingdom 362,446 235 4,709,748 1,792 Venezuela 0 0 45,360 19 Zaire 23,270 9 23,270 9
http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020622.html0201203550: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOI, CUTS WITH BONE IN, PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 293,718 1,252 703,296 2,552 Anguilla 0 0 11,482 35 Aruba 0 0 4,775 24 Bahamas 19,416 50 247,589 684 Barbados 0 0 14,377 33 Bermuda 0 0 1,361 3 Cayman Islands 0 0 13,502 48 Colombia 244,578 738 244,578 738 France 6,242 368 6,700 400 Germany 1,564 48 1,564 48 Guatemala 21,918 49 21,918 49 Honduras 0 0 19,051 24 Hong Kong 0 0 14,618 76 Indonesia 0 0 1,008 3 Italy 0 0 750 6 Korea 0 0 6,023 35 Marshall Islands 0 0 37,817 121 Mexico 0 0 20,347 21 Netherlands Antilles 0 0 449 8 St Lucia 0 0 436 4 Suriname 0 0 240 4 Switzerland 0 0 2,402 81 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,047 18 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 26,262 90
0201206000: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, CUTS WITH BONE IN, EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH ORCHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 86,480 824 698,955 4,793 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 410 6 Bahamas 10,521 27 60,334 200 Bahrain 0 0 3,721 11 Canada 39,462 342 472,538 3,481 Chile 0 0 9,694 29 Dominican Republic 0 0 28,327 37 French Polynesia 0 0 1,596 10 Greece 0 0 2,825 16 Honduras 0 0 9,887 20 Japan 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 9,189 28 Netherlands Antilles 478 8 4,250 44 Philippines 0 0 393 3 Saudi Arabia 1,053 15 22,470 102 St Lucia 0 0 372 3 Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 34,064 430 57,812 715 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,258 59 Turks and Caicos Islands 902 3 8,879 29
http://ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-Month/Exports/02/020120.htmlGreetings,
I find it very disturbing that the USA is exporting all these products all over the globe without proper testing for BSE/TSE. I wonder if the consumer in these countries know what they are getting?
WHO is to say that some of these nvCJD cases are not from imported USA product?
TSS
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https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0504&L=BSE-L&P=R35580&X=1D927E3018D42C6025&Y=flounder9%40verizon.netSubject: EXPORT of potential USDA CERTIFIED ATYPICAL AND TYPICAL MAD COW BRAINS, SWEETBREADS, BOVINE FROZEN OFFAL, AND LIVE CATTLE 2001 - 2005
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET>
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG>
Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2006 13:23:49 -0500 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (49 lines)
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
CJD WATCH MESSAGE BOARD TSS EXPORT of potential USDA CERTIFIED ATYPICAL AND TYPICAL TSE Sat Jun 17, 2006 13:19 71.248.130.63
Greetings,
Thought some of you might be interested in the USDA exports of potential USDA CERTIFIED ATYPICAL AND TYPICAL MAD COW BRAINS, SWEETBREADS, BOVINE FROZEN OFFAL, AND LIVE CATTLE. Interestingly, the USA may be the one to blame from there consistent lies and deceit and what they have exported globally for decades, to blame for spreading sporadic CJD around the globe.
Looking from stats at ;
http://www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade/ustlists/ExCmdty.asp?QI=370619655344&type=1&code=02then searching here ;
http://www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade/USTEXHS10.asp?QI=370619655344SEEMS that Mexico received from the USA a boat load of potential mad cow brains 0206290030 between 2001 to 2005, Mexico received the most compared to COTE D'IVOIRE which was next in line, followed by ROMANIA, GREECE, SINGAPORE, GERMANY AND SWEDEN. ...
NEXT, looking at SWEETBREADS 0206290040 the USA exported, and whatever phenotype of TSE that went along, we have as follows; MEXICO AGAIN receiving a boat load of sweetbreads, followed by ARGENTINA, JAPAN, URUGUAY, COLOMBIA, ISRAEL, BULGARIA, HONG KONG, VENEZUELA, United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Singapore, Netherlands, The Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic. ...
THE LIST for BOVINE OFFAL FROZEN 020629 EXPORTED FROM THE USA ACROSS THE GLOBE IS PHENOMENAL WITH JAPAN RECEIVING THE MOST FROM 1998 TO 2003, FOLLOWED BY MEXICO, and from here the list is staggering along with the amount of potential TSE tainted materials. ...
FINALLY, LIVE CATTLE WITH CANADA RECEIVING THE MOST, FOLLOWED BY MEXICO, KOREA REPUBLIC OF, followed by many more countries with smaller amounts. ...
WHEN the OIE did away with the BSE GBR risk assessments to ride saddle with GW and his legal tool to trade TSE globally i.e. the BSE MRR policy, 20 years of fighting this disease went down the drain, just so he could trade his precious commodities and futures. THIS BSe about how now the USA having an epidemic of a spontaneous TSE in cattle and humans, as sporadic CJD triples in 3 years in the USA, is simply absurd. nothing is spontaneous about it, there is absolutely no science to back these 'spontaneous' statements up. ...
US "Atypical" Mad Cow Threat Was Predicted
http://www.prwatch.org/node/4883TSS
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https://lists.aegee.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0606&L=BSE-L&P=R12765&X=1D927E3018D42C6025&Y=flounder9%40verizon.netSubject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:flounder9@VERIZON.NET>
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy <
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.AEGEE.ORG>
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2006 16:04:43 -0600 Content-Type: text/plain Parts/Attachments: text/plain (1173 lines)
Subject: USDA December 2006 Exports POTENTIAL MAD COW BOVINE BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
Date: December 15, 2006 at 1:27 pm PST Greetings,
i thought it might be a good time at the end of 2006 and compare what country, if any, would still be foolish enough to import potentially certified USDA MAD COW BRAINS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION. last time i looked this up was in 2004 and was shocked at the countries still doing this. seems the USDA et al would gladly poison any third world country that is willing to take this BSe, but only two take them now i.e. Gabon and the Ivory Coast are still accepting USDA certified potentially mad cow brains for human consumption. a sad day when they know that these brains could very likely contain the TSE agent, but yet still export them to other countries. sadly, the USA is no better than the UK when in came/comes to knowingly exporting there BSE/TSE. just gotta love that BSE MRR policy of GWs and the OIE, the legal trading of all strains of TSE globally. ...TSS
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,988 27 Gabon 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 24,494 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 14
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290030&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006THAT compared to 2004 USDA EXPORT OF POTENTIAL MAD COW BRAINS ;
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value
.World 37,727 33 363,222 344
Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 5,739 7 32,760 43 0 0 132,931 200 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 0 0 0 0 5,739 7 Dominican Republic 1,837 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,837 3 Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,690 40 55,641 74 19,264 34 0 0 0 0 32,760 43 0 0 125,355 191
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290040&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts20060206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 743,244 2,712 770,499 2,661 689,994 1,924 576,134 1,357 898,542 1,947 1,105,844 2,649 490,803 1,325 658,963 1,893 789,509 2,330 657,647 1,858 7,381,179 20,656 Belgium 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 20 8,723 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,723 45 Bulgaria 0 0 0 0 19,156 70 23,492 64 47,091 127 23,357 62 22,902 38 24,295 72 81,698 240 0 0 241,991 672 Colombia 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 3 Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,415 60 Germany 0 0 305 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 3 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,414 10 22,936 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,350 47 Honduras 1,470 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,504 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,974 19 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,294 118 50,294 118 Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 9 0 0 0 0 595 9 Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,454 165 Mexico 741,774 2,706 770,194 2,658 670,838 1,854 410,277 978 839,314 1,785 1,058,200 2,546 463,397 1,274 634,073 1,813 707,811 2,090 606,366 1,737 6,902,244 19,442 Netherlands 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,196 67 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,351 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 987 3 2,338 6
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206210000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts20060206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 767,425 589 516,379 411 838,340 690 365,331 269 223,401 138 273,330 194 655,828 503 516,732 308 857,063 528 1,023,945 660 6,037,774 4,290 Angola 54,449 41 54,431 45 54,430 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,215 26 190,525 157 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,420 36 Costa Rica 0 0 9,525 10 9,607 7 0 0 0 0 9,525 9 15,431 15 0 0 9,525 11 0 0 53,613 53 Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,111 12 19,051 12 37,162 24 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,468 34 12,208 18 51,676 52 Mexico 712,976 548 452,423 356 765,222 629 356,250 260 214,320 129 181,242 108 452,360 322 502,186 291 772,136 450 953,124 589 5,362,239 3,683 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 9,081 8 9,081 9 9,081 8 9,081 8 0 0 0 0 17,823 21 0 0 54,147 54 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,482 68 130,617 130 14,546 17 0 0 12,347 15 230,992 230
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290010&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts20060206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 7,728,862 9,464 7,263,710 8,918 6,170,310 6,943 8,429,810 9,979 8,536,550 8,231 9,634,156 9,271 10,820,962 10,020 8,225,706 7,977 7,758,088 7,180 9,663,403 8,489 84,231,557 86,473 Angola 70,761 27 270,847 239 136,213 119 784,365 538 497,820 383 381,219 312 574,363 481 279,872 237 810,888 680 659,739 571 4,466,087 3,587 Armenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 0 0 0 0 46,000 50 Bahamas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,336 3 0 0 0 0 5,443 4 0 0 0 0 6,779 7 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 18,152 7 25,322 19 36,640 28 23,660 19 85,656 56 22,410 10 34,100 23 41,300 61 287,240 223 Canada 29,101 87 31,124 89 43,858 119 37,887 93 11,218 25 48,868 57 23,171 38 51,570 60 79,836 79 136,436 121 493,069 768 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,000 46 0 0 94,988 96 23,000 25 0 0 0 0 163,988 167 Costa Rica 41,347 34 28,572 26 28,572 28 13,265 15 18,152 25 9,321 10 6,552 7 0 0 48,843 51 19,849 18 214,473 212 Cuba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,829 26 47,829 26 Dominican Republic 3,484 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,484 3 Ecuador 0 0 4,721 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,040 3 8,761 7 Egypt 4,774,076 7,024 4,028,075 6,211 4,077,426 5,168 5,723,286 7,831 6,563,392 6,827 7,789,768 7,906 9,444,848 8,902 6,984,806 6,997 5,795,342 5,569 8,082,712 7,166 63,263,731 69,601 France 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 0 0 0 0 9,437 7 Gabon 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,331 10 0 0 4,876 3 11,143 8 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 66,844 46 Greece 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,310 7 Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,506 18 24,506 18 Honduras 168,233 138 82,904 92 28,561 16 18,294 13 24,439 17 6,751 5 29,294 19 27,831 19 37,645 27 19,066 19 443,018 364 Iraq 319,719 233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,210 41 0 0 373,929 273 Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 8 Jamaica 69,308 36 109,377 58 36,638 19 124,772 60 44,521 28 83,587 54 35,525 23 38,997 27 28,208 20 128,114 84 699,047 409 Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,123 9 0 0 13,123 9 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,616 16 0 0 0 0 51,270 44 12,240 17 87,126 77 Kuwait 49,898 39 0 0 48,995 37 0 0 99,668 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 198,561 155 Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,310 21 0 0 47,764 80 94,074 101 Mexico 412,895 277 368,053 200 421,650 269 374,343 193 537,381 351 614,174 428 246,284 191 380,638 259 208,595 150 289,508 187 3,853,521 2,506 Netherlands 78,000 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,000 75 Nicaragua 18,943 15 18,807 15 41,651 33 43,216 32 34,563 26 47,199 35 0 0 36,595 26 18,883 20 38,375 31 298,232 233 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 263,209 167 29,806 19 77,603 57 193,669 161 87,431 67 651,718 470 Poland 1,593,796 1,306 2,216,196 1,896 1,174,658 957 926,766 899 444,095 266 24,494 25 24,944 23 47,494 50 70,000 75 0 0 6,522,443 5,498 Republic of South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,348 36 0 0 0 0 10,945 8 0 0 0 0 24,494 21 60,787 65 Russia 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,869 82 0 0 108,903 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 259,772 181 Saudi Arabia 99,301 171 54,803 52 40,951 109 106,412 140 163,955 118 128,905 92 178,020 134 100,206 80 234,490 170 0 0 1,107,043 1,066 Senegal 0 0 0 0 49,389 18 0 0 13,370 9 13,353 9 0 0 0 0 12,349 9 0 0 88,461 45 Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,000 22 0 0 24,000 22 Singapore 0 0 25,737 10 0 0 25,724 9 0 0 0 0 13,113 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,574 29 Spain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 0 0 0 0 23,000 23 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,637 31 0 0 42,637 31 United Kingdom 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Vietnam 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,596 45 Zaire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,253 33
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206220000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts20060206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 151,702 598 142,843 727 276,270 896 188,421 543 362,729 970 116,820 472 185,245 638 297,623 832 271,498 640 178,816 637 2,171,967 6,953 Anguilla 0 0 0 0 87 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 3 Bahamas 0 0 1,273 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,273 3 Bahrain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Canada 21,379 15 0 0 46,853 71 18,452 17 171,620 279 9,451 15 29,694 46 139,002 222 206,428 318 64,805 103 707,684 1,086 China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,704 66 9,206 31 0 0 28,910 97 Hong Kong 28,166 136 14,490 21 27,855 41 17,875 27 0 0 0 0 6,759 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,145 248 Japan 550 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,132 14 0 0 0 0 4,682 22 Mexico 78,027 424 127,080 702 201,475 781 152,094 499 191,109 691 107,369 457 148,792 569 125,593 480 55,864 292 114,011 535 1,301,414 5,430 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 0 0 0 0 9,192 50 Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 United Kingdom 23,580 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,580 15
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206100000&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts20060206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINES, EDIBLE, FROZEN, NESOI
U.S. Domestic Exports: 2006 and 2006 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) January February March April May June July August September October Through October Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 3,317,168 4,027 3,016,529 4,700 3,438,524 5,024 3,193,299 3,613 2,833,026 4,158 1,968,683 2,972 1,368,243 2,201 1,437,708 2,335 1,481,508 2,677 1,627,962 2,664 23,682,650 34,371 Albania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,390 47 Angola 2,025 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,310 30 21,501 34 14,590 27 1,361 4 59,787 99 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,255 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,402 4 16,657 35 Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,644 15 Belgium 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 24,000 25 48,988 50 146,470 150 Bulgaria 0 0 23,596 23 0 0 0 0 16,568 25 16,568 25 8,284 12 0 0 47,655 39 24,494 21 137,165 145 Canada 855,976 567 614,312 449 831,285 574 1,080,210 670 502,611 611 395,999 547 217,288 315 390,223 591 480,802 813 332,017 472 5,700,723 5,611 Congo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 Ecuador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,046 39 28,046 39 Egypt 690,000 875 320,000 500 146,964 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,156,964 1,525 Gabon 47,220 46 70,830 69 48,988 50 165,270 161 94,440 92 73,288 75 24,494 25 71,894 71 70,610 73 24,000 23 691,034 685 Germany 0 0 24,494 25 24,420 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,914 50 Greece 0 0 0 0 24,426 21 48,988 24 24,734 38 25,350 38 0 0 0 0 47,628 40 48,988 43 220,114 204 Guatemala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,143 12 7,143 12 Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,578 13 13,578 13 Honduras 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,051 18 19,051 18 0 0 0 0 38,102 37 Hong Kong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,143 65 43,143 65 Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 552 4 Ivory Coast 285,088 280 188,880 184 192,416 192 118,050 115 330,430 324 94,440 92 94,440 92 213,702 204 48,104 44 165,882 174 1,731,432 1,701 Jamaica 210 4 55,425 97 63,179 87 56,267 29 80,773 123 32,838 58 0 0 10,458 16 18,824 86 9,531 14 327,505 515 Japan 182,627 287 148,426 227 207,558 336 147,611 209 278,269 378 163,490 213 145,112 189 72,775 95 13,874 21 0 0 1,359,742 1,956 Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,035 35 Macao 0 0 47,163 119 92,937 218 70,740 168 47,170 87 23,586 58 70,753 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 352,349 819 Mali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,610 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,494 25 48,104 48 Mexico 863,030 1,567 1,364,663 2,785 1,620,522 3,099 1,199,058 1,899 1,264,144 2,124 980,786 1,661 661,690 1,223 570,222 1,241 700,452 1,477 782,876 1,616 10,007,443 18,693 Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,804 18 18,804 18 Philippines 0 0 0 0 4,556 24 0 0 0 0 23,587 21 0 0 0 0 14,969 31 23,496 35 66,608 112 Poland 367,410 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367,410 375 St Lucia 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,870 12 Taiwan 23,582 23 0 0 5,764 23 10,966 44 10,613 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,925 133 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 40,771 23 78,583 59 43,543 17 9,050 14 22,706 18 6,526 10 18,894 15 0 0 22,829 17 242,902 171 United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,879 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 21 16,769 33 Vietnam 0 0 117,969 197 67,562 129 214,579 224 118,772 205 92,435 143 75,905 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 687,222 969
Source: Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information (OTII), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://hq-tpisweb.ita.doc.gov/portal/page/portal/rptsforms/p_hsyrly2?p_year=2006&p_hs=0206290090&p_flow=''exports''&p_endmth=''October''&p_table=ita.hs_mthytd_expdom_ts2006TSS
Subject: USA December 2004 Exports BOVINE STATS BRAINS, HEARTS, KIDNEYS, SWEATBREADS, LIPS, OFFAL, TONGUES, AND MORE
Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2005 16:21:28 -0500
From: “Terry S. Singeltary Sr.”
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE>
To:
mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000169/!x-usc:mailto:BSE-L@LISTS.UNI-KARLSRUHE.DE##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #####################
0206290030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 37,727 33 363,222 344 Mexico 37,727 33 338,475 326 Romania 0 0 24,747 19
0206290010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 581,872 418 7,564,955 5,685 Angola 0 0 211,527 46 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 0 0 22,682 60 China 0 0 49,887 36 Colombia 0 0 22,657 28 Gabon 0 0 24,947 11 Hong Kong 0 0 24,494 45 Indonesia 400,639 261 4,420,683 2,747 Italy 0 0 24,494 20 Korea 0 0 124,089 71 Mexico 181,233 157 2,494,078 2,517 Poland 0 0 47,359 20 Russia 0 0 98,058 85
0206290020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram)
December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 303,293 175 3,009,780 1,684 Angola 0 0 60,075 15 Bahamas 0 0 11,431 8 Cayman Islands 0 0 4,450 10 China 0 0 48,988 26 Gabon 48,200 15 489,329 206 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 26 Indonesia 0 0 47,174 17 Ivory Coast 188,414 96 1,694,772 959 Jamaica 10,546 5 78,933 37 Mexico 56,133 59 203,788 204 Moldova 0 0 295,091 166 Romania 0 0 26,761 10
0206290040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 0 0 95,209 83 Bulgaria 0 0 25,243 22 Ghana 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 69,859 58 Netherlands 0 0 107 4
0206290050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 1,389,825 2,709 7,355,294 13,917 Bahamas 0 0 40,000 5 Mexico 1,386,800 2,706 7,293,673 13,895 Montserrat 0 0 18,596 15 Namibia 3,025 3 3,025 3
0206290090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 2,386,597 2,913 22,701,393 25,320 Antigua Barbuda 2,141 6 3,162 11 Argentina 590 4 1,044 7 Aruba 1,000 4 1,476 10 Bahamas 0 0 117,929 184 Bulgaria 0 0 315,543 301 Canada 337,392 255 3,544,821 3,347 Cayman Islands 0 0 5,350 21 China 0 0 22,185 37 Colombia 0 0 24,127 36 Cyprus 0 0 25,052 20 Denmark 0 0 46,416 25 Dominican Republic 0 0 24,086 16 Egypt 0 0 145 3 Gabon 96,208 92 316,411 271 Germany 0 0 2,545,197 554 Greece 0 0 190,564 146 Guatemala 0 0 117,362 197 Haiti 0 0 13,125 25
Haiti 0 0 13,125 25 Honduras 23,940 34 23,940 34 Hong Kong 0 0 48,343 130 Indonesia 7,470 9 640,472 249 Italy 0 0 47,849 38 Ivory Coast 192,410 184 1,133,273 1,012 Jamaica 80,703 54 124,514 86 Japan 25,094 53 432,608 2,659 Korea 0 0 23,596 25 Malaysia 97,997 48 457,516 203 Mexico 1,376,419 1,977 9,425,957 13,261 Netherlands 20,229 20 245,555 129 New Zealand 0 0 0 0 Panama 23,399 44 161,425 117 Philippines 0 0 22,184 39 Poland 0 0 805,355 477 Romania 48,988 33 1,294,879 1,191 Senegal 0 0 52,909 103 Singapore 0 0 728 3 Spain 0 0 202 4 St Christopher-Nevis 0 0 1,020 3 St Lucia 0 0 5,313 8 Switzerland 0 0 6,506 35 Taiwan 46,920 86 97,268 127 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 38,102 84 Turks and Caicos Islands 5,697 9 6,082 13 United Kingdom 0 0 291,303 76 Uruguay 0 0 499 4
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020629.html
0206100000: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 149,260 308 1,312,166 2,933 Bahamas 2,174 3 6,710 6 Canada 15,265 14 115,659 129 Cayman Islands 0 0 1,312 5 China 48,988 44 48,988 44 Egypt 0 0 27,654 81 Gabon 0 0 97,462 80 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 30 Indonesia 0 0 38,000 33 Ivory Coast 0 0 127,000 108 Kuwait 0 0 12,487 36 Mexico 82,833 247 667,881 2,070 Philippines 0 0 26,797 88 Taiwan 0 0 43,544 30 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 1,907 3 United Arab Emirates 0 0 47,777 190
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020610.html
0206210000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 432,185 755 3,479,807 6,127 Bangladesh 23,623 38 47,380 77 Honduras 15,163 28 17,105 31 Hong Kong 0 0 47,151 86 Indonesia 0 0 83,245 193 Japan 0 0 25,697 57 Kazakhstan 0 0 145,001 175 Mexico 368,562 638 3,046,441 5,384 Nicaragua 6,537 13 6,537 13 Philippines 18,300 38 61,250 111
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020621.html
0206220000: LIVERS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 5,712,394 4,115 55,278,021 38,020 Albania 0 0 74,863 45 Angola 24,677 22 888,634 430 Antigua Barbuda 2,682 3 5,111 5 Azerbaijan 97,471 45 633,575 324 Bahamas 1,836 3 10,561 8 Belarus 0 0 355,818 130 Belgium 488,886 295 2,998,386 1,265 Bulgaria 0 0 355,234 310 Canada 18,416 49 372,057 910 Dominican Republic 0 0 13,599 7 Ecuador 0 0 8,378 5 France 0 0 92,361 29 Georgia 0 0 243,876 170 Germany 609,187 323 2,104,312 908 Greece 0 0 149,205 87 Guatemala 0 0 19,962 11 Honduras 65,432 30 196,264 104 India 0 0 67,491 55 Indonesia 769,971 1,139 4,495,414 7,077 Iraq 0 0 48,984 21 Italy 0 0 9,002 12 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,701 8 Jamaica 170,782 137 170,782 137 Kazakhstan 0 0 868,130 762 Korea 0 0 23,593 17 Kuwait 0 0 1,560 7 Latvia 0 0 577,885 166 Liberia 0 0 24,950 16 Liechtenstein 0 0 24,369 11 Lithuania 0 0 996,660 552 Madagascar 0 0 24,494 10 Mali 0 0 49,211 40 Mexico 264,561 131 5,094,330 5,868 Moldova 249,107 125 2,743,394 1,314 Mozambique 0 0 24,093 17 Netherlands 0 0 49,520 26 Nicaragua 31,131 19 48,335 25 Philippines 24,504 14 97,948 156 Poland 1,553,201 953 23,262,526 13,113 Romania 0 0 199,072 121 Russia 0 0 544,267 225 Saudi Arabia 70,805 88 243,230 381 Senegal 0 0 285,311 302 Turkey 884,029 496 1,733,636 881 Ukraine 0 0 244,559 132 United Kingdom 362,446 235 4,709,748 1,792 Venezuela 0 0 45,360 19 Zaire 23,270 9 23,270 9
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020622.html
0201203550: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, NESOI, CUTS WITH BONE IN, PROCESSED, FRESH OR CHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 293,718 1,252 703,296 2,552 Anguilla 0 0 11,482 35 Aruba 0 0 4,775 24 Bahamas 19,416 50 247,589 684 Barbados 0 0 14,377 33 Bermuda 0 0 1,361 3 Cayman Islands 0 0 13,502 48 Colombia 244,578 738 244,578 738 France 6,242 368 6,700 400 Germany 1,564 48 1,564 48 Guatemala 21,918 49 21,918 49 Honduras 0 0 19,051 24 Hong Kong 0 0 14,618 76 Indonesia 0 0 1,008 3 Italy 0 0 750 6 Korea 0 0 6,023 35 Marshall Islands 0 0 37,817 121 Mexico 0 0 20,347 21 Netherlands Antilles 0 0 449 8 St Lucia 0 0 436 4 Suriname 0 0 240 4 Switzerland 0 0 2,402 81 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,047 18 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 26,262 90
0201206000: MEAT OF BOVINE ANIMALS, CUTS WITH BONE IN, EXCEPT PROCESSED, FRESH ORCHILLED
U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2004 and 2004 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilogram) December 2004 2004, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value .World 86,480 824 698,955 4,793 Antigua Barbuda 0 0 410 6 Bahamas 10,521 27 60,334 200 Bahrain 0 0 3,721 11 Canada 39,462 342 472,538 3,481 Chile 0 0 9,694 29 Dominican Republic 0 0 28,327 37 French Polynesia 0 0 1,596 10 Greece 0 0 2,825 16 Honduras 0 0 9,887 20 Japan 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 0 9,189 28 Netherlands Antilles 478 8 4,250 44 Philippines 0 0 393 3 Saudi Arabia 1,053 15 22,470 102 St Lucia 0 0 372 3 Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island 34,064 430 57,812 715 Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 6,258 59 Turks and Caicos Islands 902 3 8,879 29
http://ita.doc.gov/ td/ industry/ otea/ Trade-Detail/ Latest-Month/ Exports/ 02/ 020120.html
Greetings,
I find it very disturbing that the USA is exporting all these products all over the globe without proper testing for BSE/TSE. I wonder if the consumer in these countries know what they are getting?
WHO is to say that some of these nvCJD cases are not from imported USA product?
TSS
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0206.29.0030: BRAINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 57,279 56 192,198 225 Ivory Coast 0 0 24,971 8 Mexico 57,279 56 161,158 211 Sweden 0 0 6,069 6
0206.29.0040: SWEATBREADS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 48,735 69 581,306 689 Bahamas 0 0 4,551 5 Hong Kong 0 0 48,988 15 Japan 0 0 18,629 51 Mexico 48,735 69 507,453 611 Switzerland 0 0 1,685 6
0206.29.0050: LIPS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 620,626 1,393 16,539,594 23,262 Hong Kong 0 0 23,587 8 Mexico 620,626 1,393 16,513,038 23,245 Taiwan 0 0 2,969 10
0206.29.0090: OFFAL OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, NESOI, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 8,464,956 16,117 118,262,413 197,532 Argentina 1,497 9 1,497 9 Australia 6,103 6 72,627 71 Bahamas 0 0 25,367 55 Barbados 0 0 1,282 6 Belgium 0 0 718,837 142 Bulgaria 0 0 328,698 261 Burkina 0 0 23,496 21 Canada 304,064 276 8,137,388 6,048 China 734,212 1,750 7,554,286 16,429 Colombia 0 0 109,398 141 Costa Rica 0 0 53,911 37 Denmark 0 0 8,327 33 Dominican Republic 19,578 168 112,192 767 Egypt 0 0 167,000 96 Federal Rep. of Germany 104,016 21 2,266,317 583 Gabon 24,494 16 339,168 177 Greece 23,610 26 47,220 51 Guatemala 0 0 200,509 233 Guyana 0 0 11,555 12 Hong Kong 339,453 704 4,490,896 7,651 Indonesia 104,013 108 1,231,976 666 Israel 0 0 119,230 121 Ivory Coast 0 0 1,429,316 876 Jamaica 79,203 73 780,910 696 Japan 2,614,703 7,006 29,370,030 78,245 Jordan 0 0 72,709 390 Korea, South 1,084,495 2,217 19,825,887 37,280 Macedonia (Skopje) 0 0 143,699 51 Malaysia 0 0 24,776 10 Mexico 2,463,516 2,922 30,710,290 37,936 Netherlands 0 0 38,512 65 Nicaragua 0 0 9,411 11 Panama 0 0 480,391 472 Peru 0 0 47,135 29 Philippines 37,875 15 216,218 116 Poland 47,175 36 954,552 532 Romania 0 0 991,737 765 Russia 368,385 325 3,490,349 2,441 Singapore 0 0 5,307 15 St Lucia 2,442 3 10,896 14 Sweden 0 0 46,200 45 Taiwan 106,122 436 1,601,333 3,327 Turks and Caicos Islands 0 0 8,536 14 United Arab Emirates 0 0 27,439 130 United Kingdom 0 0 1,842,710 369 Uruguay 0 0 112,893 95
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http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.html0206.21.0000: TONGUES OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,377,073 7,372 27,349,941 105,661 Canada 0 0 5,159 7 China 66,968 208 675,449 1,382 Costa Rica 0 0 6,567 18 Hong Kong 121,237 431 2,176,415 3,917 Indonesia 24,957 13 39,957 17 Japan 920,049 5,943 17,255,240 83,562 Korea, South 89,412 404 2,435,561 8,129 Malaysia 0 0 23,596 10 Mexico 45,264 126 1,258,740 3,282 Poland 0 0 23,596 14 Russia 51,472 49 3,083,619 3,942 Taiwan 57,714 198 354,691 1,260 Vietnam 0 0 11,351 121
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Source: Foreign Trade Division , U.S. Census Bureau. Presented by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis (OTEA), International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020621.html0206.29.0010: HEARTS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 1,180,635 1,038 17,267,397 12,630 Angola 0 0 47,849 31 China 0 0 97,868 41 Colombia 0 0 355,787 379 Costa Rica 0 0 4,816 4 El Salvador 4,545 4 4,545 4 Greece 0 0 15,000 6 Guatemala 0 0 19,051 18 Honduras 0 0 9,780 8 Hong Kong 45,347 110 454,574 862 Indonesia 597,243 459 8,098,035 4,681 Ivory Coast 0 0 27,216 8 Japan 0 0 19,835 20 Korea, South 49,890 50 213,036 213 Lithuania 0 0 55,194 31 Mexico 280,421 234 2,664,118 2,384 Netherlands 0 0 108,698 61 Peru 0 0 452,116 458 Russia 203,189 181 4,528,474 3,280 Saudi Arabia 0 0 3,293 6 Singapore 0 0 44,906 21 Switzerland 0 0 8,010 8 United Arab Emirates 0 0 135 3 United Kingdom 0 0 35,061 105
0206.29.0020: KIDNEYS OF BOVINE ANIMALS, EDIBLE, FROZEN
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U.S. Domestic Exports: December 2003 and 2003 Year-to-Date, not Seasonally Adjusted
(FAS Value, in Thousands of Dollars) (Units of Quantity: Kilograms) December 2003 2003, through December Quantity Value Quantity Value WORLD TOTAL 330,004 231 3,566,918 1,818 China 49,424 26 141,576 64 Gabon 0 0 49,437 28 Greece 0 0 966 6 Indonesia 0 0 23,610 15 Ivory Coast 49,891 25 1,699,427 704 Jamaica 115,626 67 875,874 436 Mexico 115,063 113 521,638 465 Russia 0 0 115,377 70 Saudi Arabia 0 0 1,660 3 South Africa 0 0 111,960 18 Thailand 0 0 25,393 10
http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/Trade-Detail/Latest-December/Exports/02/020629.htmlWednesday, July 23, 2008 Audit says USDA lost track of imported cattle Report No. 50601-0012-Ch March 2008
Audit says USDA lost track of imported cattle Canada has reported 13 cases of mad cow
http://usdameatexport.blogspot.com/2008/07/audit-says-usda-lost-track-of-imported.htmlTerry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Labels: atypical bse, C-TYPE BSE, H-TYPE BSE, L-TYPE BSE, NORTH AMERICA
