Scientific Report of the European Food Safety Authority on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) of Brazil
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Sent: Wednesday, December 19, 2012 9:21 PM
To: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Subject: Scientific Report of the European Food
Safety Authority on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) of Brazil
Scientific Report of the European Food Safety Authority on the Assessment
of the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) of Brazil
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2005.38r European Food Safety Authority Acknowledgment
Members of the EFSA Scientific Expert Working Group on GBR are acknowledged for
their valuable contribution to this mandate. The members are: Didier Calavas,
Aline De Koeijer, Michael Gravenor, John Griffin, Dagmar Heim, Matthias Kramer,
Riitta Maijala, Mo Salman, Vittorio Silano, Emmanuel Vanopdenbosch, and Stig
Widell. Type: Scientific Report of EFSA Question number: EFSA-Q-2003-083N
Approved: 01 June 2005 Published: 16 August 2005 Last updated: 16 August 2005.
This version replaces the previous one/s. Article(0.1 Mb) send print
Abstract No abstract available
Summary The European Food Safety Authority and its Scientific Expert
Working Group on the Assessment of the Geographical Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy (BSE) Risk (GBR) were asked by the European Commission (EC) to
provide an up-to-date scientific report on the GBR in Brazil, i.e. the
likelihood of the presence of one or more cattle being infected with BSE,
pre-clinically as well as clinically, in Brazil. This scientific report
addresses the GBR of Brazil as assessed in 2005 based on data covering the
period 1980-2003.
A very unstable system between 1980 and 2000 was exposed to a negligible
external challenge until 1990, to a low external challenge between 1991 and 1995
and to a negligible external challenge between 1996 and 2000. In 2001 the
stability of the system improved to an unstable system exposed to a negligible
external challenge for the latest period.
Given the level of the external challenge, it is highly unlikely that an
internal challenge occurred until 1990. However, the internal challenge became
unlikely but cannot be excluded from 1991 onwards, mainly due to cattle imported
from BSE-risk countries in 1991-1995.
EFSA concludes that the current GBR level of BRAZIL is II, i.e. it is
unlikely but can not be excluded that domestic cattle are (clinically or
pre-clinically) infected with the BSE-agent. If the stability of the system in
Brazil remains as low as it is, significant external challenges could lead to an
increase in the GBR of the country.
Keywords Scientific Report of the European Food Safety Authority on the
Assessment of the Geographical BSE Risk (GBR) of Brazil
Adopted June 2005
Summary
The European Food Safety Authority and its Scientific Expert Working Group
on the Assessment of the Geographical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)
Risk (GBR) were asked by the European Commission (EC) to provide an up-to-date
scientific report on the GBR in Brazil, i.e. the likelihood of the presence of
one or more cattle being infected with BSE, pre-clinically as well as
clinically, in Brazil. This scientific report addresses the GBR of Brazil as
assessed in 2005 based on data covering the period 1980-2003. A very unstable
system between 1980 and 2000 was exposed to a negligible external challenge
until 1990, to a low external challenge between 1991 and 1995 and to a
negligible external challenge between 1996 and 2000. In 2001 the stability of
the system improved to an unstable system exposed to a negligible external
challenge for the latest period. Given the level of the external challenge, it
is highly unlikely that an internal challenge occurred until 1990. However, the
internal challenge became unlikely but cannot be excluded from 1991 onwards,
mainly due to cattle imported from BSE-risk countries in 1991-1995. EFSA
concludes that the current GBR level of BRAZIL is II, i.e. it is unlikely but
can not be excluded that domestic cattle are (clinically or pre-clinically)
infected with the BSE-agent. If the stability of the system in Brazil remains as
low as it is, significant external challenges could lead to an increase in the
GBR of the country.
Key words: BSE, geographical risk assessment, GBR, Brazil, third countries
SNIP...
External Challenge
Brazil was exposed to a negligible external challenge in the period
1980-1990, to a low external challenge in the period 1991-1995 and to a
negligible external challenge between 1996 and 2003.
Stability
For the overall assessment of the stability, the impact of the three main
stability factors, (i.e. feeding, rendering and SRM-removal) and of the
additional stability factor surveillance has to be estimated. Again, the
guidance provided by the SSC in its opinion on the GBR of July 2000 (as updated
in 2002) is applied. Taking the above-summarized discussion of the most relevant
stability factors into account, it is concluded that the BSE/cattle system of
Brazil was very unstable between 1980 and 2000 and unstable between 2001 and
2003.
Feeding
Feeding of any Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) to cattle was legal until 1996,
when a ruminant- MBM to ruminant feed ban was introduced. However, also after
the implementation of this feed ban, contaminated feedstuff could have likely
reached cattle due to cross-contamination. Therefore feeding is assessed as “not
OK” before and after the 1996 feed-ban (1980-2000). The reinforced mammalian MBM
to ruminant feed ban installed in February 2001 improved the stability to
“reasonably OK” as from February 2001 onwards.
Rendering
Rendering is considered “not OK” throughout the entire reference period
(1980-2003) because the majority of the rendering plants did not meet the
133°C/20min/3bar standard.
SRM-removal
SRM removal is "reasonably OK" throughout the reference period (1980-2003)
because the majority of the SRM are consumed by humans and fallen stock are
usually buried.
BSE surveillance
BSE-surveillance has been carried out under the auspicious of the rabies
surveillance program until January 2001. This surveillance was not adequate to
detect low level of clinical BSE incidence. The situation was somewhat improved
when the active surveillance system was installed in February 2001.
Conclusions
The European Food Safety Authority concludes:
1. A very unstable system between 1980 and 2000 was exposed to a negligible
external challenge until 1990, to a low challenge between 1991 and 1995, to
negligible between 1996 and 2000. In 2001 the stability of the system improved
to an unstable system exposed to a negligible challenge for the latest
period.
2. Given the level of the external challenge, it is highly unlikely that an
internal challenge occurred until 1990. However, the internal challenge became
unlikely but cannot be excluded from 1991 onwards, mainly due to cattle imported
from BSE-risk countries in 1991-1995.
3. The current geographical BSE-risk (GBR) level is II, i.e. it is unlikely
but can not be excluded that domestic cattle are (clinically or pre-clinically)
infected with the BSEagent.
4. This assessment deviates from the previous one of April 2003, because
some countries were not considered to be at risk for BSE at that time.
5. It is noted that the total imports of live cattle would represent a high
challenge if they all entered the cattle/BSE system. The conclusion here however
reflects the Brazilian system as described in detail in the CD. It is stated
that none of the UK imports and only a small proportion from GBR III countries
are slaughtered and most are eventually buried on the farm. If this assumption
does not hold, then the high numbers of imports from risk countries, coupled
with the unstable system could lead to a higher
GBR categorization.
Expected development of the GBR
If the stability of the system in Brazil remains as low as it is,
significant external challenges could lead to an increase in the GBR of the
country.
A table summarising the reasons for the current assessment is given in the
table below.
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
Date: 8/31/2005
GAIN Report Number: BR5622
B
Brazil
Livestock and Products
Annual Report
2005
Approved by:
Alan Hrapsky, Agricultural Counselor
U.S. Embassy
Prepared by:
Joao F. Silva, Agricultural Specialist
The Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) of the European Union reassessed
the geographical BSE risk for Brazil from GBR 1 to GBR 2 (unlikely, but a BSE
risk cannot be excluded), basically due to the cattle imports from the United
Kingdom during 1991-95.
www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200509/146130887.pdf
GBR II: unlikely but not excluded Botswana (I), Brazil (I), Colombia, Costa
Rica (II), El Salvador (I), India, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia (I), Nicaragua (I),
Nigeria, Norway (I), Pakistan, Sweden (II), Swaziland (I)
SEE U.K. LIVE CATTLE EXPORT TO BRAZIL HERE ;
SEE U.K. BEEF AND VEAL EXPORT TO BRAZIL HERE ;
SEE U.K. SEMEN TO BRAZIL HERE ;
SEE U.K. DEAD ANIMAL PDT AND ANIMALS NOT FIT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION EXPORT
TO BRAZIL 1995
SEE. U.K. EMBRYOS EXPORT TO WORLD HERE ;
SEE U.K. MEAT AND BONE MEAL GREAVES EXPORTS TO THE WORLD
Fourth threat
Prion infectivity has now been detected in blood, urine and milk and this
has potential consequences on risk assessments for the environment and food as
well as for contamination of surfaces including medical instruments. Furthermore
the procedures recommended for decontamination of MBM (Meat and Bone Meal),
which are based on older methodologies not designed for this purpose, have
turned out to be of very limited efficacy and compromise current policies
concerning the reuse of these high value protein supplements
(cross-contamination of feed circuits are difficult to control). It should be
noted that the destruction or very limited use of MBM is estimated to still cost
1 billion euros per year to the European economy, whereas other countries,
including the US, Brazil, and Argentine do not have these constraints.
Friday, December 07, 2012
ATYPICAL BSE BRAZIL 2010 FINALLY CONFIRMED OIE 2012
Síndrome de Alpers uma variante da Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob?
Alpers’ disease a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
Henrique Pott Jr.1, Maria Cristina Furian Ferreira2, Amilcar Castro
de
Mattos3
ABSTRACT
The dementia, is usually associated with other neurological abnormalities,
and a definitive diagnosis of most syndromes depends on neuropathological
examination. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in children presents neuropathological
examination similar to Alpers’ disease, which have given attention to the
differential diagnosis between these syndromes. The aim of this study was to
report a case of progressive degenerative spongiform encephalopathy in infancy
with study of autopsy. Keywords. Dementia, Differential Diagnosis,
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Alpers Syndrome. Citation. Pott Jr. H, Ferreira MCF,
Mattos AC. Alpers’ disease a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
snip...
Case Description
Female patient, 5 years, with frame clinical and progressive encephalopathy
in our hospital since 6 months of age. As showed inrespiratory sufficiency, was
kept breathing assist from since that date. Clinical data of early admission
exclude the possibility of secondary ischemic to trauma during dleivery. The
worsening progressive neurological reflexes, including deep, led to succesive
clinical and laboratory investigations pouco enlightening.
snip, see full text ;
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
The agenda than revenge
By Nathália Kneipp Sena on 14/08/2012 in issue 707
Every time the national press exposes the possible existence of the disease
in Brazil popularly known as "mad cow disease", the news dies on the beach. This
happens because there is insufficient evidence to sensationalism desired (and
lasting) or potential for a diplomatic crisis - ruin the fortunes of kings
livestock and widespread burning of politicians and bureaucrats - or for the
sacrifice of entire herds, as happened across the Sea, UK.
The ordeal of the victims and those affected by prion disease and their
families, which already occurs in the country for decades, and is considered
minor misfortune taboo subject, plot that disenchanted opposite its theoretical
complexity and escalating scientific terms that surround the "discovery" and the
manifestations of the "prion" - pathogenic protein acquired by inheritance or
contagion - a silent serial killer who for centuries decimated several species
of animals worldwide, including humans.
The supposed rarity of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans
manifestation of a pathogenic protein, which is also identified in bovine
spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE (bovine acronym of the English expression
spongiform encephalopathy), or "mad cow disease , "comes to be stated on the
website of the Ministry of Health as nonexistent (no record) in Brazil since
1994.
Victims of CJD in Brazil
Read more at: https://bitly.com/SWfcKb
***
[Nathália Kneipp Sena is a journalist, Brasília, DF]
Thursday, February 14, 2013
The Many Faces of Mad Cow Disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE and
TSE prion disease
Tuesday, March 05, 2013
A closer look at prion strains Characterization and important implications
Prion
7:2, 99–108; March/April 2013; © 2013 Landes Bioscience
Sunday, March 31, 2013
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD worlds youngest documented victim, 11 years
old, shall we pray
TSS
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
9:52 PM
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